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ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Abductor

A

Muscle that on contraction draws away from the middle.

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2
Q

Adductor

A

Muscle that draws a part toward the middle.

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3
Q

Amputation

A

Surgical or traumatic removal of a limb, part, or other appendage.

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4
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle; when one contracts, the other relaxes.

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5
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as fascia to bind muscles together or to other tissues at their origin or insertion.

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6
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscular coordination; an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some nervous disorders.

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7
Q

Atonic

A

Pertaining to a lack of normal tone or tension; the lack of normal muscle tone.

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8
Q

Atrophy

A

Literally means a lack of nourishment; wasting away of muscular tissue that may be cause by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle. Lipoatrophy is atrophy of fat tissue. This condition can occur at the site of an insulin and or corticosteroid injection.

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9
Q

Biceps

A

Muscle with two heads or points of origin.

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10
Q

Brachialgia

A

Pain in the arm.

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11
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowness of motion or movement.

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12
Q

Contraction

A

Process of drawing-up and thickening of a muscle fiber.

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13
Q

Contracture

A

A fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint. With a muscular contracture, a muscle shortens and renders the muscle resistant to the normal stretching process.

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14
Q

Dactylospasm

A

Medical term for cramp of a finger or toe.

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15
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Acute or chronic disease with systemic pathology; inflammation of the muscles and the skin; a connective tissue disease characterized by edema, dermatitis, and inflammation of the muscles. Occurs in children and adults, and in the latter may be associated with neoplastic disease (cancer) or other disorders of connective tissue.

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16
Q

Diaphragm

A

Partition of muscles and membranes that separates the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity. It is the major muscle of breathing.

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17
Q

Diathermy

A

Treatment using high-frequency current to produce heat within a part of the body; used to increase blood flow but should not be used in acute state of recovery from trauma.

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18
Q

Dystonia

A

Condition of impaired muscle tone.

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19
Q

Dystrophin

A

Protein found in muscle cells. When the gene that is responsible for this protein is defective and sufficient dystrophin is not produced, muscle wasting occurs. For example, in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, this protein is absent.

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20
Q

Dystrophy

A

Any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment, often noted by the degeneration of muscles.

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21
Q

Exercise

A

Performed activity of the muscles for improvement of health or correction of deformity.

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22
Q

Fascia

A

Thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles or inner organs of the body.

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23
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of a fascia.

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24
Q

Fatigue

A

State of tiredness occurring in a muscle as a result of repeated contractions.

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25
Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)
Disorder that affects the muscles and soft tissue; symptoms include chronic muscle pain (myalgia), fatigue, sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, and chronic headaches. Although the exact cause is still unknown, fibromyalgia is often traced to an injury or physical or emotional trauma.
26
Fibromyitis
Inflammation of the muscle and fibrous tissue; also known as fibromyositis.
27
First Aid Treatment - RICE (Rest Ice Compression Elevation)
Cryotherapy (use of cold) is the treatment of choice for soft-tissue and muscle injuries. It causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels and is effective in diminishing bleeding and edema. Ice should not be placed directly onto the skin. Compression by an elastic bandage is generally determined by the type of injury and physician preference. Some experts disagree on the use of elastic bandages. Elevation is used to reduce swelling. The injured part should be elevated about the level of the heart.
28
Flaccid
Lacking muscle tone; weak, soft, flabby.
29
Heat
Treatment using application of heat (thermotherapy) can be used 48-72 hours after the injury. Types of thermotherapy include heating pad, hot water bottle, hot packs, infrared light, and immersion of body part in warm water.
30
Hydrotherapy
Treatment using scientific application of water; types: hot tub, cold bath, whirlpool, and vapor bath.
31
Insertion
Point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves.
32
Intramuscular
Pertaining to within a muscle, such as an IM injection.
33
Isometric
Literally means pertaining to having equal measure; increasing tension of muscle while maintaining equal length.
34
Isotonic
Pertaining to having the same tone or tension.
35
Levator
Muscle that raises or elevates a part.
36
Massage
Kneading that applies pressure and friction to external body tissues.
37
Muscle Spasm
Involuntary contraction of one or more muscles; usually accompanied by pain and limitation of function.
38
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Refers to a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles that control movement. The muscles of the heart and some other involuntary muscles are also affected in some forms of MD, and a few forms involve other organs as well.
39
Myalgia
Pain in the muscle.
40
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. Its name, which is Latin and Greek in origin, literally means grave muscle weakness. The primary symptom is muscle weakness that increased during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest.
41
Myoblast
Embryonic cell that develops into a cell of muscle fiber.
42
Myofibroma
Tumor that contains muscle and fiber.
43
Myograph
Instrument instrument used to record muscle and fiber.
44
Myokinesis
Muscular motion or activity.
45
Myoma
Tumor containing muscle tissue.
46
Myomalacia
Softening of muscle tissue.
47
Myoparesis
Weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle.
48
Myopathy
Muscle disease.
49
Myoplasty
Surgical repair of a muscle.
50
Myorrhaphy
Surgical suture of a muscle wound.
51
Myosarcoma
Malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue.
52
Myosclerosis
Abnormal condition of hardening of muscle.
53
Myositis
Inflammation of muscle tissue, especially skeletal muscles; may be caused by infection, trauma, or parasitic infestation.
54
Myospasm
Spasmodic contraction of a muscle.
55
Myotome
Surgical instrument used to cut muscle.
56
Myotomy
Surgical incision into a muscle.
57
Neuromuscular
Pertaining to both nerves and muscles.
58
Neuromyopathic
Pertaining to a disease condition involving both nerves and muscles.
59
Polyplegia
Paralysis affecting many muscles.
60
Position
Bodily posture of attitude; the manner in which a patient's body may be arranged for examination.
61
Anatomic
Body erect, head facing forward, arms by the sides with palms to the front; used as a standard anatomical position of reference.
62
Dorsal Recumbent
On back with lower extremities flexed and rotated outward; used in application of obstetric forceps, vaginal and rectal examination, and bimanual palpation.
63
Fowler
Head of the bed or examining table is raised about 18 in or 46 cm ; patient is in a semi-upright sitting position (45-60 degrees) with knees either bent or straight.
64
Knee-Chest
On knees, thighs upright, head and upper part of chest resting on bed or examining table, arms crossed and above head; used in sigmoidoscopy, displacement of prolapsed uterus, rectal exams, and flushing of intestinal canal.
65
Lithotomy
On back with lower extremities flexed and both legs placed in stirrups; a gynecologic position used in vaginal examination, pap smear, vaginal operations, and diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the urethra and bladder.
66
Orthopneic
Sitting upright or erect; used for patients with dyspnea, shortness of breath (SOB).
67
Prone
Lying face downward; used in examination of the back, injections, and massage.
68
Sims
Lying on left side, right knee and thigh flexed well up above left leg that is slightly flexed, left arm behind the body, and right arm forward, flexed at elbow; used examination of rectum, sigmoidoscopy, enema, and intrauterine irrigation after labor.
69
Supine
Lying flat on back with face upward and arms at the sides; used in examining the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and extremities and in assessing vital signs.
70
Trendelenburg
Body supine on a bed or examining table that is tilted at about a 45-degree angle with the head lower than the feet; used to displace abdominal organs during surgery and in treating cardiovascular shock.
71
Prothesis
Artificial device used to replace an organ or body part, such as a hand, arm, leg, or hip.
72
Quadriceps
Muscle that has four heads or points of orgin.
73
Relaxation
Process in which a muscle loosens and returns to a resting stage.
74
Rhabdomyoma
Tumor of striated muscle tissue.
75
Rheumatism
General term used to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints.
76
Rheumatology
Study of rheumatic diseases.
77
Rheumatologist
One who specializes in rheumatic diseases.
78
Rigor Mortis
Stiffness of skeletal muscles seen in death; develops between the 4th and 24th hour after death, then ceases.
79
Rotation
Process of moving a body part around a central axis.
80
Rotator Cuff
Group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder.
81
Sarcolemma
Plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber.
82
Spasticity
Condition of increased muscular tone causing stiff and awkward movements.
83
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle arising from the sternum and clavicle with its insertion in the mastoid process; flexes the neck and helps with movement of the head.
84
Strain
Excessive, forcible stretching of a muscle or the musculotendinous unit.
85
Synergism
Certain muscles working together to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.
86
Synovitis
Inflammation of a synovial membrane.
87
Tendon
Band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones; a giant cell tumor of a tendon sheath is a benign, small, yellow, tumor-like nodule.
88
Tenodesis
Surgical binding of a tendon.
89
Tenodynia
Pain in a tendon.
90
Tetany
Condition characterized by cramps, convulsions, twitching of the muscles, and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints; generally caused by an abnormality in calcium (Ca) metabolism.
91
Tonic
Pertaining to tone, especially muscular tension.
92
Torsion
Process of being twisted.
93
Torticollis
Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck; sometimes called wryneck.
94
Triceps
Muscle having three heads with a single insertion.
95
Voluntary
Under the control of one's will.

Med Term (20 decks)

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