Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Term > ch 6 > Flashcards

ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Abductor

A

Muscle that on contraction draws away from the middle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adductor

A

Muscle that draws a part toward the middle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amputation

A

Surgical or traumatic removal of a limb, part, or other appendage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle; when one contracts, the other relaxes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as fascia to bind muscles together or to other tissues at their origin or insertion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscular coordination; an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some nervous disorders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atonic

A

Pertaining to a lack of normal tone or tension; the lack of normal muscle tone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atrophy

A

Literally means a lack of nourishment; wasting away of muscular tissue that may be cause by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle. Lipoatrophy is atrophy of fat tissue. This condition can occur at the site of an insulin and or corticosteroid injection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biceps

A

Muscle with two heads or points of origin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brachialgia

A

Pain in the arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowness of motion or movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contraction

A

Process of drawing-up and thickening of a muscle fiber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contracture

A

A fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint. With a muscular contracture, a muscle shortens and renders the muscle resistant to the normal stretching process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dactylospasm

A

Medical term for cramp of a finger or toe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Acute or chronic disease with systemic pathology; inflammation of the muscles and the skin; a connective tissue disease characterized by edema, dermatitis, and inflammation of the muscles. Occurs in children and adults, and in the latter may be associated with neoplastic disease (cancer) or other disorders of connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diaphragm

A

Partition of muscles and membranes that separates the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity. It is the major muscle of breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diathermy

A

Treatment using high-frequency current to produce heat within a part of the body; used to increase blood flow but should not be used in acute state of recovery from trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dystonia

A

Condition of impaired muscle tone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dystrophin

A

Protein found in muscle cells. When the gene that is responsible for this protein is defective and sufficient dystrophin is not produced, muscle wasting occurs. For example, in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, this protein is absent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dystrophy

A

Any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment, often noted by the degeneration of muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Exercise

A

Performed activity of the muscles for improvement of health or correction of deformity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fascia

A

Thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles or inner organs of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of a fascia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fatigue

A

State of tiredness occurring in a muscle as a result of repeated contractions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)

A

Disorder that affects the muscles and soft tissue; symptoms include chronic muscle pain (myalgia), fatigue, sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, and chronic headaches. Although the exact cause is still unknown, fibromyalgia is often traced to an injury or physical or emotional trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fibromyitis

A

Inflammation of the muscle and fibrous tissue; also known as fibromyositis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

First Aid Treatment - RICE (Rest Ice Compression Elevation)

A

Cryotherapy (use of cold) is the treatment of choice for soft-tissue and muscle injuries. It causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels and is effective in diminishing bleeding and edema. Ice should not be placed directly onto the skin.
Compression by an elastic bandage is generally determined by the type of injury and physician preference. Some experts disagree on the use of elastic bandages.
Elevation is used to reduce swelling. The injured part should be elevated about the level of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Flaccid

A

Lacking muscle tone; weak, soft, flabby.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Heat

A

Treatment using application of heat (thermotherapy) can be used 48-72 hours after the injury. Types of thermotherapy include heating pad, hot water bottle, hot packs, infrared light, and immersion of body part in warm water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

Treatment using scientific application of water; types: hot tub, cold bath, whirlpool, and vapor bath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Insertion

A

Point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Intramuscular

A

Pertaining to within a muscle, such as an IM injection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Isometric

A

Literally means pertaining to having equal measure; increasing tension of muscle while maintaining equal length.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Isotonic

A

Pertaining to having the same tone or tension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Levator

A

Muscle that raises or elevates a part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Massage

A

Kneading that applies pressure and friction to external body tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Muscle Spasm

A

Involuntary contraction of one or more muscles; usually accompanied by pain and limitation of function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

A

Refers to a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles that control movement. The muscles of the heart and some other involuntary muscles are also affected in some forms of MD, and a few forms involve other organs as well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Myalgia

A

Pain in the muscle.

40
Q

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

A

Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. Its name, which is Latin and Greek in origin, literally means grave muscle weakness. The primary symptom is muscle weakness that increased during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest.

41
Q

Myoblast

A

Embryonic cell that develops into a cell of muscle fiber.

42
Q

Myofibroma

A

Tumor that contains muscle and fiber.

43
Q

Myograph

A

Instrument instrument used to record muscle and fiber.

44
Q

Myokinesis

A

Muscular motion or activity.

45
Q

Myoma

A

Tumor containing muscle tissue.

46
Q

Myomalacia

A

Softening of muscle tissue.

47
Q

Myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle.

48
Q

Myopathy

A

Muscle disease.

49
Q

Myoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a muscle.

50
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Surgical suture of a muscle wound.

51
Q

Myosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue.

52
Q

Myosclerosis

A

Abnormal condition of hardening of muscle.

53
Q

Myositis

A

Inflammation of muscle tissue, especially skeletal muscles; may be caused by infection, trauma, or parasitic infestation.

54
Q

Myospasm

A

Spasmodic contraction of a muscle.

55
Q

Myotome

A

Surgical instrument used to cut muscle.

56
Q

Myotomy

A

Surgical incision into a muscle.

57
Q

Neuromuscular

A

Pertaining to both nerves and muscles.

58
Q

Neuromyopathic

A

Pertaining to a disease condition involving both nerves and muscles.

59
Q

Polyplegia

A

Paralysis affecting many muscles.

60
Q

Position

A

Bodily posture of attitude; the manner in which a patient’s body may be arranged for examination.

61
Q

Anatomic

A

Body erect, head facing forward, arms by the sides with palms to the front; used as a standard anatomical position of reference.

62
Q

Dorsal Recumbent

A

On back with lower extremities flexed and rotated outward; used in application of obstetric forceps, vaginal and rectal examination, and bimanual palpation.

63
Q

Fowler

A

Head of the bed or examining table is raised about 18 in or 46 cm ; patient is in a semi-upright sitting position (45-60 degrees) with knees either bent or straight.

64
Q

Knee-Chest

A

On knees, thighs upright, head and upper part of chest resting on bed or examining table, arms crossed and above head; used in sigmoidoscopy, displacement of prolapsed uterus, rectal exams, and flushing of intestinal canal.

65
Q

Lithotomy

A

On back with lower extremities flexed and both legs placed in stirrups; a gynecologic position used in vaginal examination, pap smear, vaginal operations, and diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the urethra and bladder.

66
Q

Orthopneic

A

Sitting upright or erect; used for patients with dyspnea, shortness of breath (SOB).

67
Q

Prone

A

Lying face downward; used in examination of the back, injections, and massage.

68
Q

Sims

A

Lying on left side, right knee and thigh flexed well up above left leg that is slightly flexed, left arm behind the body, and right arm forward, flexed at elbow; used examination of rectum, sigmoidoscopy, enema, and intrauterine irrigation after labor.

69
Q

Supine

A

Lying flat on back with face upward and arms at the sides; used in examining the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and extremities and in assessing vital signs.

70
Q

Trendelenburg

A

Body supine on a bed or examining table that is tilted at about a 45-degree angle with the head lower than the feet; used to displace abdominal organs during surgery and in treating cardiovascular shock.

71
Q

Prothesis

A

Artificial device used to replace an organ or body part, such as a hand, arm, leg, or hip.

72
Q

Quadriceps

A

Muscle that has four heads or points of orgin.

73
Q

Relaxation

A

Process in which a muscle loosens and returns to a resting stage.

74
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

Tumor of striated muscle tissue.

75
Q

Rheumatism

A

General term used to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints.

76
Q

Rheumatology

A

Study of rheumatic diseases.

77
Q

Rheumatologist

A

One who specializes in rheumatic diseases.

78
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

Stiffness of skeletal muscles seen in death; develops between the 4th and 24th hour after death, then ceases.

79
Q

Rotation

A

Process of moving a body part around a central axis.

80
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

Group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder.

81
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber.

82
Q

Spasticity

A

Condition of increased muscular tone causing stiff and awkward movements.

83
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Muscle arising from the sternum and clavicle with its insertion in the mastoid process; flexes the neck and helps with movement of the head.

84
Q

Strain

A

Excessive, forcible stretching of a muscle or the musculotendinous unit.

85
Q

Synergism

A

Certain muscles working together to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.

86
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of a synovial membrane.

87
Q

Tendon

A

Band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones; a giant cell tumor of a tendon sheath is a benign, small, yellow, tumor-like nodule.

88
Q

Tenodesis

A

Surgical binding of a tendon.

89
Q

Tenodynia

A

Pain in a tendon.

90
Q

Tetany

A

Condition characterized by cramps, convulsions, twitching of the muscles, and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints; generally caused by an abnormality in calcium (Ca) metabolism.

91
Q

Tonic

A

Pertaining to tone, especially muscular tension.

92
Q

Torsion

A

Process of being twisted.

93
Q

Torticollis

A

Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck; sometimes called wryneck.

94
Q

Triceps

A

Muscle having three heads with a single insertion.

95
Q

Voluntary

A

Under the control of one’s will.

Med Term (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions