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Med Term > ch 11 > Flashcards

ch 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Albuminuria

A

Indicates the presence of serum protein in the urine. Albumin is the major protein in blood plasma. When detected in urine (albuminuria), it may indicate a leak in the glomerular membrane, which allows albumin to enter the renal tubule and pass into the urine.

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2
Q

Antidiuretic

A

Pertaining to a medication that decreases urine production and secreation.

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3
Q

Anuria

A

Literally means without the formation of urine; lack of urine production.

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4
Q

Bacteriuria

A

Presence of bacteria in the urine.

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5
Q

Calciuria

A

Presence of calcium in the urine.

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6
Q

Calculus

A

Pebble; any abnormal concretion (stone); plural: calculi.

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7
Q

Catheter

A

Tube of plastic, silicone, rubber, or plastic that is inserted into a body cavity to remove fluid or inject fluid.

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8
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

A

Disease that results from any condition that causes gradual loss of kidney function. When the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood as well as healthy kidneys, waste fro the blood remains in the body. CKD can lead to kidney failure. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of CKD.

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9
Q

Cystectomy

A

Surgical excision of the bladder or part of the bladder.

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10
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder, usually occurring secondarily to ascending urinary tract infections. More than 85% of cases of cystitis are caused by Escherichia Coli, a bacillus found in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

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11
Q

Cystocele

A

Hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina.

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12
Q

Cystogram

A

An x-ray record of the bladder.

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13
Q

Cystolith

A

A bladder stone; a vesical calculus.

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14
Q

Cystoscope

A

Medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder.

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15
Q

Dialysis

A

Medical procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in impaired kidney function or in the absence of a kidney. Two main types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, both remove wastes from the blood in different ways.

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16
Q

Diuresis

A

Pathological condition of increased or excessive flow of urine; occurs in conditions such as diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Diuretics can also produce diuresis.

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17
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficult or painful urination.

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18
Q

Edema

A

Pathological condition in which the body tissues contain an accumulation of fluid.

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19
Q

Enuresis

A

Condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting.

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20
Q

Excretory

A

Pertaining to the elimination of waste products from the body.

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21
Q

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

Process whereby a medical device is used to crush kidney stones (renal calculi). The patient is usually sedated and a computerized x-ray machine is used to pinpoint the location of the stone within the kidney. A series of shock waves (several hundred to two thousand) is administered to the stone, pounding it until it crumbles into small pieces. These pieces are generally flushed out with urine.

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22
Q

Glomerular

A

Literally means pertaining to the glomerulus; a network of blood vessels located within the glomerular (bowman) capsule that permits a greater surface area for filtration.

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23
Q

Glomerulitis

A

Inflammation of the renal glomeruli.

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24
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli. There are three types: acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), and subacute glomerulonephritis.

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25
Q

Glycosuria

A

Presence of glucose in the urine.

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26
Q

Hematuria

A

Presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine. In microscopic hematuria, the urine appears normal to the naked eye, but examination with a microscope shows a high number of RBCs. Gross hematuria can be seen with the naked eye - the urine is red or the color of cola. If white blood cells are found in addition to red blood cells, then it is a sign of urinary tract infection.

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27
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Use of an artificial kidney to separate waste from the blood. The blood is circulated through tubes made of semi-permeable membranes, and these tubes are continually bathed by solutions that remove waste.

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28
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Pathological condition in which urine collects in the renal pelvis because of an obstructed outflow, thereby causing distention and damage to the kidney; can be caused by renal calculi, tumor, or hyperplasia of the prostate gland.

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29
Q

Hypercalciuria

A

Excessive amount of calcium in the urine.

30
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to hold or control urination or defecation.

31
Q

Interstitial Cystitis (IC)

A

Chronically irritable and painful inflammation of the bladder wall.

32
Q

Ketonuria

A

Presence of ketones in the urine resulting from breakdown of fats due to faulty or inadequate carbohydrate metabolism. It occurs primarily as a complication of diabetes mellitus but can occur in dieting and starvation.

33
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Crushing of a kidney stone.

34
Q

Meatotomy

A

Incision of the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening.

35
Q

Meatus

A

Opening or passage; the external opening of the urethra.

36
Q

Nephrectomy

A

Surgical excision of a kidney.

37
Q

Nephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidneys.

38
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Commonly called kidney stones; usually deposits of mineral salts, called calculi, in the kidney. These stones can pass into the ureter, irritate kidney tissue, and block urine flow. Kidney stones occur when the urine has a high level of minerals (usually calcium) that form stones.

39
Q

Nephrology

A

Literally means study of the kidney; study of kidney function as well as diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases.

40
Q

Nephroma

A

Kidney tumor.

41
Q

Nephron

A

Basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.

42
Q

Nephropathy

A

Pathological disease of the kidney.

43
Q

Nephrosclerosis

A

Condition of hardening of the kidney.

44
Q

Nocturia

A

Urination during the night.

45
Q

Oliguria

A

Scanty, decreased amount of urine. The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure, hypovolemic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, or urinary obstruction/ urinary retention. It can be contrasted with anuria, which represents a more complete suppression of urination.

46
Q

Percutaneous Ultrasonic Lithotripsy (PUL)

A

Crushing of a kidney stone by using ultrasound. This is an invasive surgical procedure performed by using a nephroscope.

47
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)

A

Separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter and dialysis. Fluid is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, and wastes from the blood pass into this fluid. The fluid and waste are then removed from the body. Types of peritoneal dialysis are IPD (intermittent) and CAPD (continuous ambulatory).

48
Q

Periurethral

A

Literally means pertaining to around the urethra; the immediate area surrounding the urethra.

49
Q

Polyuria

A

Literally means much urine; Frequent urination; occurs in diabetes mellitus; chronic nephritis; and nephrosclerosis; can be induced with diuretics and following excessive intake of fluids.

50
Q

Pyelitis

A

Inflammations of the renal pelvis.

51
Q

Pyelolithotomy

A

Surgical incision into the renal pelvis for removal of a stone.

52
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis. It is usually caused by bacteria entering the kidneys from the bladder. Escherichia coli is a bacteria that is normally found in the large intestine. These infections usually spread from the lower urinary tract via the urethra, to the ureters, and then into the renal pelvis.

53
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus or white blood cells in the urine; cause by infection (most commonly bacterial) or response to an inflammatory process in the body.

54
Q

Renal

A

Pertaining to the kidney.

55
Q

Renal Colic

A

Sharp, severe pain in the lower back over the kidney, radiating forward into the groin. It usually accompanies forcible dilation of a ureter, followed by spasm as a stone is lodged or passed through it.

56
Q

Renal Failure

A

Pathological failure of the kidney to function; also referred to as kidney failure.

57
Q

Renal Transplantation

A

The organ transplant of a healthy donor kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease. The transplanted kidney takes over the work of the two kidneys that failed, so dialysis is no longer needed.

58
Q

Renin

A

An enzyme produced by the kidney that stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone. The blood renin level is escalated in some types of hypertension.

59
Q

Sediment

A

Substance that settles at the bottom of a liquid; a precipitate; can be produced by centrifuging urine or other body fluids.

60
Q

Sterile

A

State of being free from living microorganisms; aseptic.

61
Q

Uremia

A

Excess of urea, creatine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acids metabolism accumulated in the blood; also referred to as azotemia.

62
Q

Ureteroplasty

A

Surgical repair of a ureter.

63
Q

Ureterostomy

A

Surgical creation of a new opening into the ureter to provide an alternate route for drainage of urine.

64
Q

Urethral Stricture

A

Narrowing or constriction of the urethra.

65
Q

Urethroperineal

A

Pertaining to the urethra and perineum.

66
Q

Urgency

A

Sudden need to void, urinate.

67
Q

Urination

A

The release of urine from the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body; to void.

68
Q

Urobilin

A

Brown pigment formed by the oxidation of urobilinogen; may be formed in the urine after exposure to air.

69
Q

Urochrome

A

Pigment that gives urine the normal yellow color.

70
Q

Urologist

A

Physician who specializes in the study of the urinary system.

71
Q

Urology

A

Study of the urinary system.

Med Term (20 decks)

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