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Med Term > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Acetabulum

A

Cup-shaped socket of the innominate bone (hip bone) into which the head of the femur (thigh bone) fits.

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2
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Defect in the formation of cartilage at the epiphyses of long bones.

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3
Q

Acroarthritis

A

Inflammation of the joints of the hands or feet (the extremities).

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4
Q

Acromion

A

Projection of the spine of the scapula that forms the point of the shoulder and articulates with the clavicle.

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5
Q

Ankylosis

A

Abnormal condition of stiffening of a joint.

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6
Q

Arthralgia

A

Joint pain.

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7
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a join that can result from various disease processes, such as injury to a joint (including fracture), an attack on the joints by the body itself (caused by an auto-immune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis), or general wear and tear on joints (osteoarthritis).

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8
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Surgical procedure to remove joint fluid; may be used as a diagnostic tool or part of a treatment regimen.

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9
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Surgical fusion of a joint.

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10
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical procedure used to repair a joint.

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11
Q

Arthroscope

A

Surgical instrument used to examine the interior of a joint.

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12
Q

Bone Marrow Transplant

A

Surgical procedure used to transfer bone marrow from a donor to a patient.

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13
Q

Bursa

A

Padlike sac between muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovial membrane and contains a fluid called synovia.

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14
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa.

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15
Q

Calcaneal

A

Pertaining to a heel bone.

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16
Q

Calcium (Ca)

A

Mineral that is essential for bone growth, teeth development, blood coagulation, and many other functions.

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17
Q

Carpal

A

Pertaining to the wrist bones; there are two rows of four bones in the wrist for a total of eight wrist bones.

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18
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Abnormal condition caused by a compression of the median nerve by the carpal ligament due to injury or trauma to the area, including repetitive movement of the wrists symptoms: soreness, tenderness, weakness, pain, tingling, and numbness at the wrist.

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19
Q

Cast

A

Type of material made of plaster of Paris, fiberglass, sodium silicate, starch, or dextrin used to immobilize a fractured bone, a dislocation, a deformity, or a sprain.

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20
Q

Chondral

A

Pertaining to cartilage.

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21
Q

Chondrocostal

A

Pertaining to the rib cartilage.

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22
Q

Clavicular

A

Pertaining to the clavicle (collar bone).

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23
Q

Coccygeal

A

Pertaining to the coccyx (tail bone).

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24
Q

Coccygodynia

A

Pain in the coccyx (tail bone).

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25
Q

Collagen

A

Fibrous insoluble protein found in the connective tissue, skin, ligaments, and cartilage.

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26
Q

Connective

A

Literally means the nature of connecting or binding together.

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27
Q

Costosternal

A

Pertaining to rib and sternum.

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28
Q

Craniectomy

A

Surgical excision of a portion of the skull.

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29
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgical Incision made into the skull.

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30
Q

Dactylic

A

Pertaining to a finger or toe.

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31
Q

Dactylogram

A

Medical term for fingerprint.

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32
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement of a bone from a joint.

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33
Q

Femoral

A

Pertaining to th3e femur; the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body.

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34
Q

Fibular

A

Pertaining to the fibula; the smaller of the two lower leg bones.

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35
Q

Fixation

A

Process of holding or fastening in a fixed position; making ridged, immobilizing.

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36
Q

Flatfoot

A

Abnormal flatness of the sole and arch of the foot; also known as pes planus.

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37
Q

Genu Valgum

A

Medical term for knock-knee.

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38
Q

Genu Varum

A

Medical term for bowleg.

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39
Q

Gout

A

Hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, which is marked by joint inflammation. It is caused by hyperuricemia, excessive amounts of uric acid in the blood, and deposits of urates of sodium (uric acid crystals) in and around the joints. It usually affects the great toe first, but can be seen in the finger, knee, or foot joints.

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40
Q

Hammertoe

A

An acquired flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint.

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41
Q

Humeral

A

Pertaining to the humerus (upper arm bone).

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42
Q

Hydrathrosis

A

An abnormal condition in which there is an accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint.

43
Q

Iliac

A

Pertaining to the ilium.

44
Q

Iliosacral

A

Pertaining to the ilium and the sacrum.

45
Q

Intercostal

A

Pertaining to the space between two ribs.

46
Q

Ischial

A

Pertaining to the ischium, hip.

47
Q

Ischialgia

A

Pain in the ischium, hip.

48
Q

Kyphosis

A

Condition in which the normal thoracic curvature becomes exaggerated, producing a “humpback” appearance. It can be caused by a congenital defect, a disease process such as TB and/or syphilis, malignancy, compression fracture, faulty posture, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, rickets, osteoporosis, or other conditions.

49
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch.

50
Q

Lordosis

A

An abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine. This condition can be referred to as swayback because the abdomen and buttocks protrude due to an exaggerated lumbar curvature.

51
Q

Lumbar

A

Pertaining to the loins (lower back).

52
Q

Lumbodynia

A

Pain in the loins (lower back).

53
Q

Mandibular

A

Pertaining to the lower jawbone.

54
Q

Maxillary

A

Pertaining to the upper jawbone.

55
Q

Meniscus

A

Crescent-shaped interarticular fibrocartilaginous structure found in certain joints, especially the lateral and medial menisci (semilunar cartilages) of the knee joint.

56
Q

Metacarpals

A

Pertaining to the bones of the hand. There are five radiating bones in the fingers. Note: the bones in the foot are the metatarsals.

57
Q

Metacarpectomy

A

Surgical excision of one or more bones of the hand.

58
Q

Myelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow.

59
Q

Myeloma

A

Tumor of the bone marrow.

60
Q

Myelopoiesis

A

Formation of bone marrow.

61
Q

Olecranal

A

Pertaining to the elbow.

62
Q

Orthopedics (orth, ortho)

A

Diseases and disorders involving locomotor structures of the body.

63
Q

Orthopedist

A

One who specializes in diseases and disorders involving locomotor structures of the body.

64
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A

Inflammation of the bone and joint; the most common type of arthritis in the US in people over 50 years of age. It is often called the wear-and-tear disease because the cartilage that cushions a joint wears away as one ages, so that bone rubs against bone.

65
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone-forming cell.

66
Q

Osteochondritis

A

Inflammation of bone and cartilidge.

67
Q

Osteogenesis

A

Formation of bone.

68
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bones.

69
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone, especially the marrow, caused by a pathogenic organism.
NOTE: Frontal osteomyelitis is a rare complication of sinusitis. common intracranial complications of frontal osteomyelitis are meningitis, epidural empyema, subdural empyema, and brain abscess caused by staphylococcus aureus.

70
Q

Osteopenia

A

Deficiency of bone tissue, regardless of the cause.

71
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Abnormal condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bones, decreasing their strength and causing fragile bones, which can result in fractures. It is most common in women after menopause, when it is called post-menopausal osteoporosis, but may also develop in men.

72
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of the bone; cancer growing from cells of “fleshy” connective tissue such as bone or muscle.

73
Q

Osteotome

A

Surgical instrument used for cutting bone.

74
Q

Patellar

A

Pertaining to the patella, the kneecap.

75
Q

Pedal

A

Pertaining to the foot.

76
Q

Phalangeal

A

Pertaining to the bones of the fingers and the toes.

77
Q

Phosphorus (P)

A

Mineral that is essential in bone formation, muscle contraction, and many other functions.

78
Q

Polyarthritis

A

Inflammation of more than one joint.

79
Q

Radial

A

Pertaining to the radius (lateral lower arm bone in line with the thumb). A radial pulse can be found on the thumb side of the arm.

80
Q

Radiograph

A

Film or record on which an x-ray image is produced.

81
Q

Reduction

A

Manipulative or surgical procedure used to correct a fracture or hernia.

82
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A

Chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling, which results in crippling deformities.

83
Q

Rickets

A

Abnormal condition that can occur in children; caused by a lack of vitamin D.

84
Q

Scapular

A

Pertaining to the shoulder blade.

85
Q

Scoliosis

A

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. The characteristic signs include asymmetry of the trunk, uneven shoulders and hips, a one sided rib hump, and a prominent scapula.

86
Q

Spinal

A

Pertaining to the spine.

87
Q

Splint

A

Appliance used for fixation, support, and rest of an inured body part.

88
Q

Spondylodesis

A

Surgery performed to permanently connect two or more vertebrae in the spine, eliminating motion between them. It involves techniques designed to mimic the normal healing process of broken bones. The surgeon places bone or a bonelike material within the space between two spinal vertebrae. Metal plates, screws, and rods may be used to hold the vertebrae together (binding), so they can heal into one solid unit. Also known as spinal fusion and spondylosyndesis meaning together.

89
Q

Sprain

A

A traumatic injury to the tendons, muscles, or ligaments around a joint characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration.

90
Q

Spur

A

Sharp or pointed projection, as on a bone.

91
Q

Sternal

A

Pertaining to the sternum, the breastbone.

92
Q

Sternotomy

A

Surgical incision of the sternum, the breastbone.

93
Q

Subclavicular

A

Pertaining to beneath the clavicle (collar bone)

94
Q

Subcostal

A

Pertaining to beneath the ribs.

95
Q

Submaxilla

A

Below the jaw or mandible.

96
Q

Symphysis

A

Literally means growing together; a joint in which adjacent bony surfaces are firmly united by fibrocartidledge. An example is the symphysis pubis, where the bones of the pelvis have grown together.

97
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon.

98
Q

Tennis Elbow

A

Chronic condition characterized by elbow pain caused by excessive pronation and supination activities of the forearm; usually caused by strain, as in playing tennis.

99
Q

Tibial

A

Pertaining to the tibia; the shin bone. Larger of the two bones of the lower leg.

100
Q

Traction (Tx)

A

Process of drawing or pulling on bones or muscles to relieve displacement and facilitate healing.

101
Q

Ulnar

A

Pertaining to the ulna (the longer bone of the forearm between the wrist and elbow) or to the nerve or artery named from it. The ulna is located on the litter-finger side of the arm.

102
Q

Ulnocarpal

A

Pertaining to the ulna side of the wrist.

103
Q

Vertebral

A

Pertaining to a vertebra (any of the small bones linked together to form the backbone).

104
Q

Xiphoid

A

Literally means resembling a sword. The xiphoid process is the lowest portion of the sternum; a sword-shaped cartilaginous process supported by bone.

Med Term (20 decks)

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