Ch. 7 Flashcards
Do women commit a large portion of officially recorded violent crimes?
No, only responsible for 17%
What are some characteristics of women who commit violent offences?
- mid thirties or younger
- one child
- mental health issues
- anti-social
What is instrumental violence?
Violence that is planned and is not connecting ed to a strong emotional component
Do women who commit very violent crimes have drastically different situations/motivational factors than men?
No, for this type of crime there are a lot of similarities
What are some gender specific factors for women committing violent crimes?
- witnessing violence during childhood
- history of childhood abuse
- negative emotionality
- poor coping mechanisms
What are implicit theories?
Framework that focuses on underlying and interconnected beliefs that influence conscious thoughts and their related behaviour
What are common implicit theories held by women who commit violent crimes?
I am not violent
Life was too hard on me
I need to protect myself and others
Those who act unfairly deserve to be beaten
What is the pathways approach?
Analyzes the lifetimes of women violent offenders and how they have contributed to offending, identify early vulnerability factors
How do rates of Intimate partner violence compare for men and women?
They engage in it at similar rates, however men engage in much more serious violent acts.
What is the most frequent pattern for IPV?
bi-directional, both partners engage in some level of it
What is intimate terrorism?
Almost always perpetuated by men, incidents of severe and frequent violence that escalate over time
What are the types of IPV specific to women?
- primary aggressor (unprovoked)
- violent reactive (against longstanding abusive partner
- bidirectional
- self defence
What is most important when considering women’s violent offending?
Interaction between the context of the offence and the background factors.
What percentage of homicides do women commit?
13%
What gender do women kill most frequently?
men
What are the most common types of homicide committed by women?
- spousal homicide
- child homicide
- homicides related to other types of offences such as assault or robbery
Do women usually kill non-intimate partners alone?
No, usually with at least one other person
What is level of service inventory?
Its a scale used to determine recidivism risk, inform treatment and criminogenic traits that need to be addressed in prison.
What are the most common criminogenic needs in female offenders to be addressed in prison?
- criminal history
- pro-criminal attitudes
- pro-criminal associates
- anti-social personality traits
What is the relational model?
Recognition that women’s psychological needs are best met when they add meaningful connections with others
What portion of sexual offenders are women?
12%
What are some characteristics of female sexual offenders?
- offend against minors
- come from middle to low income families
- high rates of prior poly-victimization (many different types)
What are the types of female sexual offenders?
- those who offend against adolescents (usually males)
- those who offend against adults (usually other women)
- those who offend against children of either sex
What are passive sexual offenders? What is the usual goal?
Those who allow their children to be abused. Underage youth as a commodity for financial gain.
What are the gender informed pathways for offending?
- direct/co-offending (co-offend with male partner)
- implicit-disorganized (women establishing a relationship with the victim, viewing them as consenting adult when they are not)
- explicit (explicitly planned sexual offences with goals in mind)
Do women or men have lower rates of recidivism with sexual offences? Or is it the same?
Women have lower rates of recidivism with sexual crimes, if they reoffend it would be more likely to be with non-sexual offences
