Ch. 7

Question 1

Do women commit a large portion of officially recorded violent crimes?

Answer 1

No, only responsible for 17%

Question 2

What are some characteristics of women who commit violent offences?

Answer 2

• mid thirties or younger
• one child
• mental health issues
• anti-social

Question 3

What is instrumental violence?

Answer 3

Violence that is planned and is not connecting ed to a strong emotional component

Question 4

Do women who commit very violent crimes have drastically different situations/motivational factors than men?

Answer 4

No, for this type of crime there are a lot of similarities

Question 5

What are some gender specific factors for women committing violent crimes?

Answer 5

• witnessing violence during childhood
• history of childhood abuse
• negative emotionality
• poor coping mechanisms

Question 6

What are implicit theories?

Answer 6

Framework that focuses on underlying and interconnected beliefs that influence conscious thoughts and their related behaviour

Question 7

What are common implicit theories held by women who commit violent crimes?

Answer 7

I am not violent
Life was too hard on me
I need to protect myself and others
Those who act unfairly deserve to be beaten

Question 8

What is the pathways approach?

Answer 8

Analyzes the lifetimes of women violent offenders and how they have contributed to offending, identify early vulnerability factors

Question 9

How do rates of Intimate partner violence compare for men and women?

Answer 9

They engage in it at similar rates, however men engage in much more serious violent acts.

Question 10

What is the most frequent pattern for IPV?

Answer 10

bi-directional, both partners engage in some level of it

Question 11

What is intimate terrorism?

Answer 11

Almost always perpetuated by men, incidents of severe and frequent violence that escalate over time

Question 12

What are the types of IPV specific to women?

Answer 12

• primary aggressor (unprovoked)
• violent reactive (against longstanding abusive partner
• bidirectional
• self defence

Question 13

What is most important when considering women’s violent offending?

Answer 13

Interaction between the context of the offence and the background factors.

Question 14

What percentage of homicides do women commit?

Answer 14

13%

Question 15

What gender do women kill most frequently?

Answer 15

men

Question 16

What are the most common types of homicide committed by women?

Answer 16

• spousal homicide
• child homicide
• homicides related to other types of offences such as assault or robbery

Question 17

Do women usually kill non-intimate partners alone?

Answer 17

No, usually with at least one other person

Question 18

What is level of service inventory?

Answer 18

Its a scale used to determine recidivism risk, inform treatment and criminogenic traits that need to be addressed in prison.

Question 19

What are the most common criminogenic needs in female offenders to be addressed in prison?

Answer 19

• criminal history
• pro-criminal attitudes
• pro-criminal associates
• anti-social personality traits

Question 20

What is the relational model?

Answer 20

Recognition that women’s psychological needs are best met when they add meaningful connections with others

Question 21

What portion of sexual offenders are women?

Answer 21

12%

Question 22

What are some characteristics of female sexual offenders?

Answer 22

• offend against minors
• come from middle to low income families
• high rates of prior poly-victimization (many different types)

Question 23

What are the types of female sexual offenders?

Answer 23

• those who offend against adolescents (usually males)
• those who offend against adults (usually other women)
• those who offend against children of either sex

Question 24

What are passive sexual offenders? What is the usual goal?

Answer 24

Those who allow their children to be abused. Underage youth as a commodity for financial gain.

Question 25

What are the gender informed pathways for offending?

Answer 25

• direct/co-offending (co-offend with male partner)
• implicit-disorganized (women establishing a relationship with the victim, viewing them as consenting adult when they are not)
• explicit (explicitly planned sexual offences with goals in mind)

Question 26

Do women or men have lower rates of recidivism with sexual offences? Or is it the same?

Answer 26

Women have lower rates of recidivism with sexual crimes, if they reoffend it would be more likely to be with non-sexual offences