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MicroBiology > Ch 7 > Flashcards

Ch 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a phenotype generally results form the functioning of one or more…

A

genotypes?
genes?

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2
Q

what protein performs transcription

A

RNA polymerase

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3
Q

what performs translation

A

tRNAs, ribosomes

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4
Q

in prokaryotes, transcription and translation are ______

A

coupled

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5
Q

sense is to ______, as
anti-sense is to _____

A

coding
template/ non-coding

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6
Q

___ codons account for ____ amino acids

A

64 codons for 20 amino acids

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7
Q

genome definition

A

the totality of DNA in a cell

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8
Q

transcriptome definition

A

total transcripts present at a given time

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9
Q

proteome definition

A

all the types and numbers of proteins expressed at a given time

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10
Q

most prokaryotic genomes possess a

A

single circular chromosome

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11
Q

size of prokaryotic genome

A

500,000 to 9 mill bp

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12
Q

prokaryotic gene structure includes

A

structural genes, control sequences, operon and regulons

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13
Q

regulon function

A

control multiple operons

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14
Q

operon =

A

promoter + operator + structural genes

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15
Q

plasmid definition

A

small, extrachromosomal, circular DNA segments 2-25 kbp in size

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16
Q

_________ can bind to operator, blocking transcription

A

regulatory proteins

17
Q

plasmids replicate _____ of the main chromosome

A

independently

18
Q

a cistron is also called

A

a gene

19
Q

sigma factors function

A

guiding RNA polymerase to the promoters

20
Q

conjugation refers to

A

cell to cell transfer of plasmids

21
Q

features of plasmids

A

-autonomous; possess an ori
-copy number (low/high)

22
Q

can plasmids integrate or transfer

A

yes, some can

23
Q

R factor definition

A

resistance to antibiotics

24
Q

F factor definition

A

fertility (transfer of plasmids)

25
Q

plasmids with a catabolic pathway are called

A

catabolic plasmids

26
Q

plasmids possess genes that

A

are not “essential” but do benefit the host under certain conditions

27
Q

archeal genomes _____ features of bacteria and eukaryotes

A

combine

28
Q

bacterial features of archaeal genomes

A

-single, circular chromosome organized in the nucleoid
-chromosome size
-DNA comprised mostly of coding genes

29
Q

eukaryotic similarities to archael genomes

A

-multiple origins of replication
-DNA replication components

MicroBiology (16 decks)

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