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MicroBiology > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell envelope refers to the chemical structure ______ to the inner membrane

A

external

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2
Q

Molecular composition of a bacterial cell E. coli

A

proteins/DNA/RNA - 24%
cell envelope - 5%
other - 1.5%

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3
Q

components found in the cytoplasm

A

-proteins, RNA, macromolecules
-water
-inorganic ions
-small organic molecules
-nucleoid: DNA
-ribosomes
-plasmid
-inclusions

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4
Q

external structures of a bacterial cell

A

-pili/fimbriae
-flagellum/flagella
-capsule - surrounding cell wall

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5
Q

“inner” cell membrane of bacterial cell

A

-phospholipids
-proteins (transport, enzymes)
-maintain gradients

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6
Q

cell wall is composed of

A

peptidoglycan
(sugar peptide polymer)

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7
Q

gram positive bacteria is a _______ cell wall

A

thick

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8
Q

gram negative bacteria is a ______ cell wall

A

thin

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9
Q

structure of bacterial cell membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer containing proteins

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10
Q

function of bacterial cell membrane

A

-separates cytoplasm from the external medium
-contains many proteins w specific functions

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11
Q

membrane protein functions

A

-structural support
-detect environmental signals
-ion transport/energy storage
-secrete communication & virulence factors

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12
Q

_____ reinforce the cell membrane

A

hopanoids (look like cholesterol

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13
Q

environmental conditions can induce variation in membrane lipid structure

A

-phospholipid head group; fatty acid type & length
-saturation/unsaturation of fatty acid
-cyclization of fatty acid chain (cyclopropane)

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14
Q

in archaebacterial membrane lipids, hydrocarbon chains are made of

A

terpenoids; from isoprene

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15
Q

hydrocarbons are connected to glycerol via

A

ether link [-C-O-C-]

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16
Q

bacterial phospholipids utilize which linkage

A

ester linkage

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17
Q

group translocation definition

A

modification of substrate during transport; the source substrate is continually moving down its gradient; a form of active transport

18
Q

bacteria maintain a _____ cell interior

A

hypertonic; water diffuses in creating osmotic pressure -> cell wall protects vs. pressure

19
Q

ion gradients serve to

A

store energy for metabolism or drive transport of other molecules

20
Q

ABC transporters expend energy to transport ______

A

amino acids and carbohydrates

21
Q

the cell envelopes of firmicutes are _____

A

gram positive; staphylococcus, bacillus

22
Q

what is the name of the taxonomic group which has gram negative cell envelope

A

proteobacteria; E. coli, pseudomonas

23
Q

the composition of peptidoglycan is

A

a polymer of disaccharides, glycan, cross-linked with peptide tetramers

24
Q

effect of penicillin on bacterial cells

A

targeting of peptide cross-link enzyme

25
Q

factor which binds to terminal alanine dipeptide, preventing cross bridging

A

vancomycin

26
Q

beta-lactamase

A

cleaves penicillin, inactivating it

27
Q

peptidoglycan synthesis complex functions to

A

extend the chain of amino-sugars: NAG, NAM

28
Q

In rod-shaped cells, MreB functions to

A

help protein complex synthesize cell wall in helical direction

29
Q

what is MreB

A

a cytoskeletal component that polymerizes an arc beneath the PM

30
Q

cell wall growth of E.coli and bacillus

A

synthesis in dispersed zones

31
Q

staphylococcus and streptococcus cell wall synthesis

A

only at midpoint of fission

32
Q

are S layers found in firmicutes or proteobacteria

A

firmicutes

33
Q

properties of gram positive bacteria cell wall

A

-thick
-multiple peptidoglycan layers w/ teichoic acids
-S layer

34
Q

properties of gram-negative bacteria cell wall

A

-thin
-1-2 peptidoglycan layers
-cell wall bridged to outer membrane via murein lipoprotein
-outer LPS

35
Q

what bacteria lacks a cell wall

A

mycoplasma

36
Q

archaea has a cell wall composed of

A

pseudomurein

37
Q

mycobacteria have _____ in addition to peptidoglycan

A

mycolic acids; 50-60 C atoms in length to provide protection against host defenses

38
Q

capsule lies _____ the cell envelope

A

outside

39
Q

are capsules found in gram positive or gram negative bacteria

A

both

40
Q

can capsules have different material

A

yes; protein

41
Q

which is tighter to the cell: capsules or slime layers

A

capsules; slime layers are looser assemblages

42
Q

Biofilms are

A

multi-cell populations surrounded by an exopolysaccharide matrix

MicroBiology (16 decks)

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