Ch. 6 - Treatment of Psych Disorders

Question 1

Insight

Answer 1

Conscious awareness of underlying problems

Question 2

What is the goal of psychoanalysis?

Answer 2

Help patients achieve insight

Question 3

Free Association

Answer 3

Verbal report of thoughts, feelings, or images without censorship.

Question 4

Resistance (Psychoanalysis)

Answer 4

Defensive maneuvers that hinder therapy. Sign that anxiety arousing material is approaching

Question 5

Transference

Answer 5

Client responds irrationally to therapist like they were an important figure from their past

Question 6

Positive Transference

Answer 6

Feelings of affection/love from client like they had a past relationship with the therapist

Question 7

Negative Transference

Answer 7

Feelings of anger, hatred, or disappointment when client interacts with therapist

Question 8

Why do people sometimes resist therapy?

Answer 8

They are invested in maintaining their maladaptive behaviours, thoughts, and patterns

Question 9

Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer 9

Less expensive than psychoanalysis. Explores clients needs, defences, and motives to understand the client’s anxiety. Involves client and therapist having an active conversation (opposite of free association)

Question 10

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 10

Helping clients discover & change cognitions to eliminate maladaptive behaviours (how to change behaviour rather than why the behaviour occurs)

Question 11

Which treatment is most closely associated with irrational and self defeating thought patterns?

Answer 11

Cognitive Therapies

Question 12

Cognitive Restructuring

Answer 12

Help clients recognize maladaptive/irrational thoughts and replace thoughts with more realistic thoughts. Thoughts are the cause of negative emotions rather than the situation itself.

Question 13

Rational Emotive Theory (RET)

Answer 13

1. Activating System (Trigger of Emotion)
2. Belief System
3. Consequences (emotional & behavioural)
4. Disputing or challenging maladaptive emotions/behaviours

Question 14

Flooding (Classical Conditioning)

Answer 14

Exposure to real-life stimuli in realistic situations

Question 15

Exposure Therapy

Answer 15

Treat phobias through exposure to a feared stimulus in the absence of a threat (safe environment)

Question 16

Implosion

Answer 16

Imagining scenes involving stimuli

Question 17

Classical Conditioning

Answer 17

Pairing a biologically potent stimulus with a neutral stimulus (learning by association)

Question 18

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 18

Eliminating anxiety through counterconditioning (conditioning a new response to anxiety arousing stimulus that cannot co-exist with anxiety)

Question 19

In-Vivo Desensitization

Answer 19

Controlled exposure to real life situations. Start with a less stressful situation involving phobia and work up to a more realistic scenario.

Question 20

Social Skills Training

Answer 20

Learning new skills by observing and imitating a model (eg. therapist). Performing behaviours with model before using learned skills in the real world increases self-esteem

Question 21

Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Answer 21

Focus on mindfulness to notice & accept all thoughts (including negative ones).

Question 22

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)

Answer 22

Developed to treat borderline personality disorder. Uses elements from other therapies (psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive, humanistic)

Question 23

Client-Centered Therapy (Humanistic)

Answer 23

The belief that everyone has the capacity for self-healing. People are responsible for controlling their actions and have conscious control of their behaviour.

Question 24

What characteristics do good therapists have?

Answer 24

Genuineness
Empathy
Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 25

Genuineness

Answer 25

Consistency in therapist’s feelings & behaviours (positive or negative)

Question 26

Empathy

Answer 26

View a situation from a client’s perspective. Can be communicated by repeating back what the client says

Question 27

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 27

Therapists need to accept clients without judgement in order to gain the client’s trust

Question 28

What are the benefits of engaging with animals when stressed?

Answer 28

Physiological improvements (slower heart rate, muscles relax)
Mental health improvements (lower stress/anxiety, unconditional love from animals)

Question 29

Psychopharmacology

Answer 29

Study of how drugs affect cognitions, emotions, and behaviours

Question 30

Psychotropics

Answer 30

Drugs that affect mental processes

Question 31

Tricyclics

Answer 31

Increase activity of norepinephrine & serotonin. Blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters.

Question 32

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors

Answer 32

Increases activity of norepinephrine & serotonin, has negative side effects.

Question 33

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 33

Milder side effects than other antidepressants (eg. nervousness, insomnia). Blocks reuptake of serotonin. Reduces symptoms rapidly

Question 34

What is the most widely used antidepressant drug?

Answer 34

SSRIs
They reduce symptoms more rapidly than other antidepressant drugs

Question 35

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 35

Decrease action of dopamine. Therefore, they reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 36

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 36

Shock brain (for a short period of time) by placing electrode on head. Used to treat severe depression (as a last resort)

Question 37

Psychosurgery

Answer 37

Remove or destroy parts of the brain in cases someone has a psych disorder. Least used of biomedical procedures

Question 38

Lobotomy

Answer 38

Destroy nerve tracts to frontal lobes (used as a last resort treatment for schizophrenia)

Question 39

Cingulotomy

Answer 39

Cut frontal lobes & limbic system. Effective for treating severe depression and OCD, but should only be used as a last resort

Question 40

Western Assumptions in Psychotherapy

Answer 40

Problems originate within an individual. These problems take form of dysfunctional thinking, conflict, and stress responses

Question 41

Cultural Norms

Answer 41

People tend to not seek help from others outside their culture. Accessibility to treatment (cost/physical access) in one’s native language can also be a concern

Question 42

Culturally Competent Therapists

Answer 42

Understand cultural background of their clients and are attentive to differences from cultural stereotype.

Question 43

What factors affect the outcome of therapy?

Answer 43

Therapist Variables
Client Variables
Techniques

Question 44

What therapist variables affect the outcome of therapy?

Answer 44

Empathy
Genuineness
Experience

Question 45

What client variables affect the outcome of therapy?

Answer 45

Nature of problem
Client motivation

Question 46

What techniques can be used to improve therapy?

Answer 46

Good timing of interpretations
Specific techniques proven to cure similar patients