Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 105 > Ch. 4 - Developmental Psychology (PART 1) > Flashcards

Ch. 4 - Developmental Psychology (PART 1) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Longitudinal Research Design

A

Testing the same cohort at different times. eg. Studying one person as they age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cross-Sectional Research Design

A

Comparing people in different cohorts (usually by age) at the same time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sequential Research Design

A

Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal design. Test several.cohorts as they age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which research design is the most comprehensive?

A

Sequential Design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

Changes in biological, physical, psychological, & behavioural processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Critical Period

A

Age where experiences must occur (for a person to develop normally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensitive Period

A

Optimal age range for an experience to occur. Example: Can learn a 2nd language after age 12, but it will be more difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some issues with cross-sectional research designs?

A

Each cohort has different experiences, cultural changes, and environmental changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some issues with longitudinal research designs?

A

-Expensive & Time Consuming
-People drop out of research studies (no other cohorts)
-Results are not very generalizable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Do babies have normal vision at birth?

A

No, the visual system is poorly developed at birth (very nearsighted). It gets progressively better as babies age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Preferential Looking Procedure

A

Measure how long an infant looks at a stimulus (infants look longer at stimuli they find interesting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Habituation Procedure

A

Present a stimulus over and over again until infants become “habituated” (response to stimulus declines). Used for auditory cues where we cannot test using the preferential looking procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Imitation

A

Infants imitate adult facial expressions. This helps infants recognize people & engage with them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False: Babies are passive, disorganized, and have an empty mind.

A

False
Given our knowledge of prenatal sensory-motor development; the tactile, auditory, and chemical perceptual systems have been stimulated and are operating at birth (i.e. babies can interpret the world around them).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some environmental influences on fetal development?

A

Teratogens
Maternal malnutrition
Maternal stress (stress hormones)
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Nicotine
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Teratogens

A

Environmental agents that may cause abnormal fetal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Maternal Malnutrition

A

Miscarriage
Premature birth
Stillbirth
Impaired brain development

18
Q

Maternal Stress (stress hormones)

A

Premature birth
Infant irritability
Attentional deficits

19
Q

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

A

Produce brain damage, blindness, and/or deafness depending on the disease

20
Q

Nicotine

A

Increase the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and low birth weight

21
Q

Drugs

A

Mothers who use heroin or cocaine are often born addicted and experience withdrawal symptoms after birth

22
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Disorder within the spectrum involving a cluster of severe developmental abnormalities

23
Q

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

A

Cognitive, behavioural, and physical deficits caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol

24
Q

Which chromosome pair determines a child’s gender?

A

23rd chromosome pair
Females = XX
Males = XY

25
Q

Testis Determining Factor (TDF)

A

Y chromosome contains TDF. TDF initiates development of testes. Testes secrete androgens which direct male organ development.

26
Q

What happens when there is insufficient androgen activity?

A

Female organ development occurs

27
Q

Prenatal Development Stages

A

Germinal (Weeks 0-1)
Embryonic (Weeks 2-8)
Fetal (Week 9 up to birth)

28
Q

At what age can a fetus survive outside of a mother’s womb?

A

28 weeks (fetus can survive outside of womb in cases of premature birth)

29
Q

Germinal Stage

A

Zygote attaches to uterine wall

30
Q

Embryonic Stage

A

Bodily organs/systems begin to form. Placenta & umbilical cord develop (enable nutrients/oxygen to transfer from mother to embryo and waste to transfer from embryo to mother).

31
Q

Fetal Stage

A

Muscles become stronger and bodily systems continue to develop until eventually the fetus can survive outside of the womb

32
Q

Why do newborns tend to orient themselves towards their mother’s face, voice, and smell?

A

Staying near their mother optimizes their access to food, warmth, and social stimulation. This optimization increases their chances of survival

33
Q

Sound Localization

A

Ability to localize sounds. Disappears at 4 months of age and reappears at 6 months of age

34
Q

Why does sound localization disappear in babies then reappear after a couple months?

A

Lack of practice
Interest in visual targets (does not use auditory senses)
Change in how behaviour is controlled

35
Q

Phoneme Discrimination

A

Ability to detect changes in speech sounds. Newborns have better phoneme discrimination than adults, ability disappears by 1 year of age

36
Q

Maturation

A

Genetically programmed biological process that governs our growth

37
Q

Cephalocaudal Principle

A

Development is from head to foot (head -> torso -> legs -> feet)

38
Q

Proximodistal Principle

A

Development is from innermost to outer (shoulders -> arms -> hands -> fingers)

39
Q

Stage-like development

A

Age of acquiring skills differs, but the sequence is the same

40
Q

Stepping Reflex

A

Involuntary stepping movement (first appears @ 1-2 months of age, then reappears @ 12 months of age in time to learn how to walk)

41
Q

Influences on Physical Development

A

Diet (i.e. consistent breastfeeding)
Enriched environments
Physical Touch

PSYCH 105 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions