Ch. 3 - Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence
The ability to acquire knowledge, to think and reason effectively, and adapt
Who proposed the first psychological tests?
Binet and Simon
What are Binet’s assumptions on mental abilities?
-Mental abilities develop with age (increase as you get older)
-Rate at which people gain competence is constant
Mental Age
One’s intellectual standing relative to others of the same age.
Stern’s Intelligence Quotient
IQ = (Mental Age/Chronological Age)*100
Achievement Tests
Measure how much someone knows
Aptitude Tests
Measure one’s potential for future learning
Stanford-Binet Scale
-Encompassed intelligence under a single score
-Assessed only verbal abilities
-Primarily used to assess children
Wechsler Scale - WAIS Test
Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale:
-Assessment for adults
-Assessed verbal and non-verbal abilities
-Scores in both verbal and performance (i.e. non-verbal) areas are combined into one composite score
What are the 4 branches of emotion detection and control abilities?
- Perceiving Emotions
- Using emotions to facilitate thought
- Understanding emotions
- Managing emotions
What is the psychometric approach to intelligence?
Identify and measure abilities that underlie individual differences in performance (specifically studying psychological tests).
Charles Spearman
Introduced the g factor. He believed that intelligence was a natural ability. However, he also believed people possessed specific abilities for certain tasks.
Sir Francis Galton
Believed that mental ability is inherited. His work was influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution.
G factor
Stands for general intelligence. It is a factor that contributes to performance on any specific task.
L.L Thurstone
Believed that intelligence was related to a set of mental abilities.
Primary Mental Abilities
-S: Space
-V: Verbal Comprehension
-W: Word Fluency
-N: Number Facility
-P: Perceptual Speed
-M: Rote Memory
-R: Reasoning
Fluid Intelligence
Ability to deal with novel situations without previous knowledge (requires abstract/logical thinking). Declines during late adulthood.
Crystallized Intelligence
Ability to apply previously learned knowledge. Improves as one ages.
Is there a correlation between high crystallized intelligence and high fluid intelligence?
Yes! People who score highly on one form of intelligence tend to score higher in the other form of intelligence.
The Flynn Effect
Over time, average IQ scores have generally increased
Why have IQ scores increased over time?
-More access to resources
-Better nutrition
-Technological advancement
-Widespread education
Test-retest reliability
Measures for a particular participant remain consistent if a participant retakes the same test.
Reliability Measurements
- Test-retest reliability
- Internal consistency
- Interjudge reliability
Internal Consistency
All of the items of the test should measure the same thing
Interjudge Reliability
Consistency of measurement when different people score the same test
Validity Standards
-Construct Validity
-Content Validity
-Criterion-Related
Construct validity
A test measures what it is supposed to measure
Content validity
The items in the test measure knowledge or skills that comprise the construct
Criterion-related
How well a test score predicts criterion measures
What qualities are associated with eminence (extremely smart individuals)?
-Highly developed abilities
-Creative problem solving
-Motivation
