Ch 6: Protein

Question 1

What is the primary role of proteins in the body

Answer 1

Building blocks for molecules made of amino acids
(Build/ repair body structures)

Question 2

What are examples of animal-based protein sources?

Answer 2

Meats (beef, poultry, pork, fish), eggs, and dairy

Question 3

What are examples of plant-based protein sources?

Answer 3

Grains, nuts, legumes

Question 4

How many essential aa are there

Answer 4

9

Question 5

How many non essential aa are there

Answer 5

11

Question 6

What is transamination?

Answer 6

The process by which a nonessential amino acid can be made in the body

Question 7

Give three examples of protein denaturation

Answer 7

↑ heat, ↑ or ↓ in pH, Mechanical forces

Question 8

How do proteins function in acid-base balance?

Answer 8

They act as buffers against acidosis or alkalosis.

Question 9

Name three ways to intake allergens on labels

Answer 9

Listed in the ingredient list,
Identified in a parenthetical statement,
With use of the word “contains

Question 10

What is protein turnover

Answer 10

A balanced state of protein synthesis and degradation in the body

Question 11

What happens to amino acids when energy intake is very low?

Answer 11

Proteins are broken down into amino acids to produce ATP or glucose

Question 12

What is protein complementation

Answer 12

Combining proteins from different sources to ensure all essential amino acids are obtained

Question 13

Name three examples of protein complementation

Answer 13

Rice and beans, lentils and rice, bread and peanut butter

Question 14

What are some nutrietns that may be at risk in a vegan diet

Answer 14

Vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids

Question 15

What is the term for this

Nitrogen intake is greater than nitrogen output, indicating more protein synthesis than breakdown

Answer 15

Positive nitrogen balance

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of animal protein sources?
◦
a) Low in iron
◦
b) High in fiber
◦
c) High in B vitamins
◦
d) Low in zinc

Answer 16

C) High in B vitamins

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of plant protein sources?
◦
a) High in calcium
◦
b) High in fiber
◦
c) High in zinc
◦
d) Low in phytochemicals

Answer 17

B

Question 18

How many amino acids occur naturally?
◦
a) 50
◦
b) 10
◦
c) 20
◦
d) 9

Answer 18

C

Question 19

What type of bond links amino acids together?
◦
a) Hydrogen bond
◦
b) Ionic bond
◦
c) Peptide bond
◦
d) Glycosidic bond

Answer 19

C) peptide bond

Question 20

What is the result of misconnecting an amino acid chain?
◦
a) creates more O2
◦
b) change in function
◦
c) more flat
◦
d) apply more heat

Answer 20

b

Question 21

Which of the following is a structural protein?
◦
a) Actin
◦
b) Myosin
◦
c) Collagen
◦
d) Hemoglobin

Answer 21

C) collagen

Question 22

Which of the following is a function of proteins?
◦
a) Short Term Energy Storage
◦
b) Immune function and protection
◦
c) Regulate sleep
◦
d) Keep you awake

Answer 22

B

Question 23

What is the function of hemoglobin?
◦
a) Give strength to tendons and ligaments
◦
b) Allow the muscles to change shape during contraction
◦
c) Transports oxygen to cells and carries carbon dioxide away
◦
d) Balance pH

Answer 23

C

Question 24

What happens when protein intake is greater than needs?
◦
a) ATP is turned into amino acids
◦
b) amino acids → fatty acids and stored in adipose
◦
c) protein deficiency
◦
d) muscle growth

Answer 24

B

Question 25

What is deamination? ◦ a) increasing protein ◦ b) breakdown proteins into ATP ◦ c) balance protein intake ◦ d) nitrogen-containing amino group must be removed

Answer 25

D

Question 26

Which of the following is a symptom of Kwashiorkor? ◦ a) No fat stores ◦ b) Ketosis ◦ c) Bloated belly ◦ d) Increased muscle mass

Answer 26

C

Question 27

Which of the following is a symptom of Marasmus? ◦ a) Fat stores maintained ◦ b) No fat stores ◦ c) Decreased susceptibility to infection ◦ d) Changes in skin color

Answer 27

B

Question 28

What is one way allergens are listed on labels? ◦ a) Listed in the ingredient list ◦ b) Listed in a different language ◦ c) Listed in a different font ◦ d) Not listed

Answer 28

A

Question 29

What is the RDA for protein in adults? ◦ a) 1.0 g protein/kg body weight/day ◦ b) 0.5 g protein/kg body weight/day ◦ c) 0.8 g protein/kg body weight/day ◦ d) 1.5 g protein/kg body weight/day

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Which of the following contains all 9 essential amino acids? ◦ a) incomplete Protein ◦ b) Lower quality protein ◦ c) Grains, beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, vegetables and fruit ◦ d) Complete Protein

Answer 30

D

Question 32

Proteins are made of what

Answer 32

Amino acids

Question 33

Amino acids contain what

Answer 33

CHON

Question 34

The nine amino acids that must be obtained from the diet are called __ amino acids

Answer 34

Essential

Question 35

nonessential amino acid can become conditionally essential under certain circumstances, such as when there is no dietary __ , which is needed to make tyrosine

Answer 35

Phenylalanine

Question 36

A ___ bond is a chemical bond that binds amino acids together

Answer 36

Peptide bond

Question 37

__ is a change in the physical properties of a protein, often due to heat, pH changes, or mechanical forces

Answer 37

Denaturation

Question 38

Collagen and keratin are examples of ___ proteins

Answer 38

Structural

Question 39

Actin and myosin are examples of ___ proteins

Answer 39

Contractile

Question 40

__ (swelling) can occur if there is not enough protein in the blood to attract fluid back from the tissues

Answer 40

Edema

Question 41

Protein synthesis is regulated by

Answer 41

Genes

Question 42

The nitrogen-containing waste product formed from the breakdown of amino acids is called

Answer 42

Urea

Question 43

The protein found in wheat, rye, and barley that can cause an autoimmune reaction in some people is called __

Answer 43

Gluten