Ch 6: Protein Flashcards
What is the primary role of proteins in the body
Building blocks for molecules made of amino acids
(Build/ repair body structures)
What are examples of animal-based protein sources?
Meats (beef, poultry, pork, fish), eggs, and dairy
What are examples of plant-based protein sources?
Grains, nuts, legumes
How many essential aa are there
9
How many non essential aa are there
11
What is transamination?
The process by which a nonessential amino acid can be made in the body
Give three examples of protein denaturation
↑ heat, ↑ or ↓ in pH, Mechanical forces
How do proteins function in acid-base balance?
They act as buffers against acidosis or alkalosis.
Name three ways to intake allergens on labels
Listed in the ingredient list,
Identified in a parenthetical statement,
With use of the word “contains
What is protein turnover
A balanced state of protein synthesis and degradation in the body
What happens to amino acids when energy intake is very low?
Proteins are broken down into amino acids to produce ATP or glucose
What is protein complementation
Combining proteins from different sources to ensure all essential amino acids are obtained
Name three examples of protein complementation
Rice and beans, lentils and rice, bread and peanut butter
What are some nutrietns that may be at risk in a vegan diet
Vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids
What is the term for this
Nitrogen intake is greater than nitrogen output, indicating more protein synthesis than breakdown
Positive nitrogen balance
Which of the following is a property of animal protein sources?
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a) Low in iron
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b) High in fiber
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c) High in B vitamins
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d) Low in zinc
C) High in B vitamins
Which of the following is a property of plant protein sources?
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a) High in calcium
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b) High in fiber
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c) High in zinc
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d) Low in phytochemicals
B
How many amino acids occur naturally?
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a) 50
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b) 10
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c) 20
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d) 9
C
What type of bond links amino acids together?
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a) Hydrogen bond
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b) Ionic bond
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c) Peptide bond
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d) Glycosidic bond
C) peptide bond
What is the result of misconnecting an amino acid chain?
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a) creates more O2
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b) change in function
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c) more flat
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d) apply more heat
b
Which of the following is a structural protein?
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a) Actin
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b) Myosin
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c) Collagen
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d) Hemoglobin
C) collagen
Which of the following is a function of proteins?
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a) Short Term Energy Storage
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b) Immune function and protection
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c) Regulate sleep
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d) Keep you awake
B
What is the function of hemoglobin?
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a) Give strength to tendons and ligaments
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b) Allow the muscles to change shape during contraction
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c) Transports oxygen to cells and carries carbon dioxide away
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d) Balance pH
C
What happens when protein intake is greater than needs?
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a) ATP is turned into amino acids
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b) amino acids → fatty acids and stored in adipose
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c) protein deficiency
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d) muscle growth
B
What is deamination?
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a) increasing protein
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b) breakdown proteins into ATP
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c) balance protein intake
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d) nitrogen-containing amino group must be removed
D
Which of the following is a symptom of Kwashiorkor?
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a) No fat stores
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b) Ketosis
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c) Bloated belly
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d) Increased muscle mass
C
Which of the following is a symptom of Marasmus?
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a) Fat stores maintained
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b) No fat stores
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c) Decreased susceptibility to infection
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d) Changes in skin color
B
What is one way allergens are listed on labels?
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a) Listed in the ingredient list
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b) Listed in a different language
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c) Listed in a different font
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d) Not listed
A
What is the RDA for protein in adults?
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a) 1.0 g protein/kg body weight/day
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b) 0.5 g protein/kg body weight/day
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c) 0.8 g protein/kg body weight/day
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d) 1.5 g protein/kg body weight/day
C
Which of the following contains all 9 essential amino acids?
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a) incomplete Protein
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b) Lower quality protein
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c) Grains, beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, vegetables and fruit
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d) Complete Protein
D
Proteins are made of what
Amino acids
Amino acids contain what
CHON
The nine amino acids that must be obtained from the diet are called __ amino acids
Essential
nonessential amino acid can become conditionally essential under certain circumstances, such as when there is no dietary __ , which is needed to make tyrosine
Phenylalanine
A ___ bond is a chemical bond that binds amino acids together
Peptide bond
__ is a change in the physical properties of a protein, often due to heat, pH changes, or mechanical forces
Denaturation
Collagen and keratin are examples of ___ proteins
Structural
Actin and myosin are examples of ___ proteins
Contractile
__ (swelling) can occur if there is not enough protein in the blood to attract fluid back from the tissues
Edema
Protein synthesis is regulated by
Genes
The nitrogen-containing waste product formed from the breakdown of amino acids is called
Urea
The protein found in wheat, rye, and barley that can cause an autoimmune reaction in some people is called __
Gluten
