Ch 3: Digestion, Metabolism, Absorption Flashcards
Process of digestion start in
Mouth
The enzyme ______ in saliva helps break down starch.
Amylase
The stomach secretes ______, which helps break down proteins.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
The semi-liquid mixture of food and digestive juices in the stomach is called ______.
Chyme
Most digestion and absorption take place in the _____
Small intestine
The ______ produces bile, which helps break down fats.
Liver
Bile is stored in the ______ until it is needed for digestion.
Gallbladder
The ______ produces digestive enzymes and insulin.
Pancreas
Peristalsis is the ______ movement that pushes food through the digestive tract.
Muscle
The process by which nutrients are absorbed into the blood through the small intestine is called ______.
Absorption
The ______ system transports fat-soluble nutrients.
Lymphatic
The large intestine absorbs ______ and minerals before waste is excreted
Water
The gut produces neurotransmitters like ______, which affects mood and mental health.
Serotonin
GERD occurs when stomach acid enters the ______, causing heartburn.
Esophagus
The breakdown of food into energy occurs through ______ pathways.
Metabolic
Which enzyme in saliva starts carbohydrate digestion?
a) Pepsin
b) Lipase
c) Amylase
d) Trypsin
C
Which organ is responsible for producing bile?
a) Stomach
b) Liver
c) Pancreas
d) Small intestine
B
What does the stomach primarily digest?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Fats
c) Proteins
d) Vitamins
C
Which organ is the primary site of nutrient absorption?
a) Stomach
b) Large intestine
c) Small intestine
d) Liver
C
Which hormone stimulates bile release from the gallbladder?
a) Secretin
b) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
c) Insulin
d) Gastrin
B
Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
a) Water absorption
b) Mineral absorption
c) Nutrient breakdown
d) Waste storage
C
Which disease is caused by an immune reaction to gluten?
a) GERD
b) Peptic ulcers
c) Celiac disease
d) IBS
C
Which metabolic process converts food into energy?
a) Glycolysis
b) Absorption
c) Peristalsis
d) Secretion
A
What is the main function of pancreatic juice?
a) Absorb nutrients
b) Neutralize stomach acid
c) Break down proteins and fats
d) Store bile
C
Which digestive disorder is caused by stomach acid leaking into the esophagus?
a) GERD
b) Crohn’s disease
c) Ulcerative colitis
d) Celiac disease
A
Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system in digestion?
a) Transporting fat-soluble nutrients
b) Breaking down proteins
c) Absorbing carbohydrates
d) Producing bile
A
Which organ is responsible for filtering blood and processing absorbed nutrients?
a) Stomach
b) Liver
c) Pancreas
d) Gallbladder
B
Which type of muscle movement pushes food through the digestive tract?
a) Segmentation
b) Peristalsis
c) Constriction
d) Absorption
B
Which of the following is NOT absorbed by the large intestine?
a) Water
b) Minerals
c) Nutrients
d) Electrolytes
C
Which macronutrient takes the longest to digest?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins
c) Fats
d) Vitamins
C
What is the first organ involved in digestion?
The mouth
What enzyme in saliva begins carbohydrate digestion?
Amylase
What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Breaks down proteins, kills bacteria, and activates enzymes
Chyme meaning
The semi-liquid mixture of food and digestive juices in the stomach
Where does most nutrient absorption occur?
Small intestine
What does bile do
Helps break down fats for absorption
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
Produces digestive enzymes and insulin
What is peristalsis?
The muscle movement that pushes food through the digestive tract
Structure in SI increases absorption
Villi
What is the main function of the large intestine?
Absorbing water and storing waste
What is GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, where stomach acid enters the esophagus
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
Processes nutrients and produce bile
What digestive disorder is caused by inflammation of the intestinal lining?
Crohns disease
What neurotransmitter is primarily produced in the gut and affects mood?
Serotonin
What condition results from inadequate fiber and water intake?
Constipation
The process of
breaking food into components
small enough to be absorbed into
the body.
Digestion
The process of
taking substances into the
interior of the body
Absorption
Body waste, including
unabsorbed food residue,
bacteria, mucus, and dead
cells, which is excreted from the
gastrointestinal tract by passing
through the anus.
Feces
A hollow
tube consisting of the mouth,
pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine,
and anus, in which digestion and
absorption of nutrients occur.
Gastrointestinal tract
Transit time meaning
The time between
the ingestion of food and the
elimination of the solid waste
from that food.
The layer of tissue
lining the GI tract and other body
cavities.
Mucosa
Chemical messengers
that are produced in one location,
released into the blood, and elicit
responses at other locations in
the body.
Hormones
The protective
role that gastrointestinal cells
have in limiting the absorption of
harmful substances and disease-
causing organisms.
Barrier function
a foreign substance that stimulates an immune respnse
Antigen
Proteins produced by cells of immune system that destroy foreign substances in body
Antibodies
Substance that stimulates immune response
Allergen
An enzyme in saliva,
tears, and sweat that is capable
of destroying certain types of
bacteria.
Lysozyme
It is a common
passageway for food and air and
is responsible for swallowing.
Pharynx
A piece of elastic
connective tissue at the back of
the throat that covers the opening
of the passageway to the lungs
during swallowing.
Epiglottis
An organ that
secretes digestive enzymes and
bicarbonate ions into the small
intestine during digestion.
Pancreas
An organ of the
digestive system that stores bile,
which is produced by the liver.
Gallbladder
substance made in the
liver and stored in the gallbladder,
which is released into the small
intestine to aid in fat digestion
and absorption.
Bile
A hormone released
by the duodenum that signals the
release of pancreatic juice rich in
bicarbonate ions and stimulates
the liver to secrete bile
Secretin
cholecystokinin (CCK) meaning
hormone released by the
duodenum that stimulates the
release of pancreatic juice (cause gallbladder to contact and release bile)
Largest part of LI
Colon
The system
of vessels, organs, and tissues
that drains excess fluid from the
spaces between cells, transports
fat-soluble substances from the
digestive tract, and contributes
to immune function
Lymphatic system
The vein
that transports blood from the GI
tract to the liver.
Hepatic portal vein
Define digestion
Process by which food is broken down into units small enough to be absorbed
__ the process by which nutrients are transported into body
Absorption
Bicarbonate from pancreas does what
Neutralize stomach acid
Digestion of fat in SI is aided by __ from the __
Bile, gallbladder
Secretions from pancreas and liver are regulated by hormes _and__
Secretin and CCK
