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Nutrients > Ch 3: Digestion, Metabolism, Absorption > Flashcards

Ch 3: Digestion, Metabolism, Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Process of digestion start in

A

Mouth

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2
Q

The enzyme ______ in saliva helps break down starch.

A

Amylase

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3
Q

The stomach secretes ______, which helps break down proteins.

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

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4
Q

The semi-liquid mixture of food and digestive juices in the stomach is called ______.

A

Chyme

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5
Q

Most digestion and absorption take place in the _____

A

Small intestine

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6
Q

The ______ produces bile, which helps break down fats.

A

Liver

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7
Q

Bile is stored in the ______ until it is needed for digestion.

A

Gallbladder

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8
Q

The ______ produces digestive enzymes and insulin.

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

Peristalsis is the ______ movement that pushes food through the digestive tract.

A

Muscle

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10
Q

The process by which nutrients are absorbed into the blood through the small intestine is called ______.

A

Absorption

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11
Q

The ______ system transports fat-soluble nutrients.

A

Lymphatic

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12
Q

The large intestine absorbs ______ and minerals before waste is excreted

A

Water

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13
Q

The gut produces neurotransmitters like ______, which affects mood and mental health.

A

Serotonin

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14
Q

GERD occurs when stomach acid enters the ______, causing heartburn.

A

Esophagus

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15
Q

The breakdown of food into energy occurs through ______ pathways.

A

Metabolic

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16
Q

Which enzyme in saliva starts carbohydrate digestion?
a) Pepsin
b) Lipase
c) Amylase
d) Trypsin

A

C

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17
Q

Which organ is responsible for producing bile?
a) Stomach
b) Liver
c) Pancreas
d) Small intestine

A

B

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18
Q

What does the stomach primarily digest?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Fats
c) Proteins
d) Vitamins

A

C

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19
Q

Which organ is the primary site of nutrient absorption?
a) Stomach
b) Large intestine
c) Small intestine
d) Liver

A

C

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20
Q

Which hormone stimulates bile release from the gallbladder?
a) Secretin
b) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
c) Insulin
d) Gastrin

A

B

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
a) Water absorption
b) Mineral absorption
c) Nutrient breakdown
d) Waste storage

A

C

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22
Q

Which disease is caused by an immune reaction to gluten?
a) GERD
b) Peptic ulcers
c) Celiac disease
d) IBS

A

C

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23
Q

Which metabolic process converts food into energy?
a) Glycolysis
b) Absorption
c) Peristalsis
d) Secretion

A

A

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24
Q

What is the main function of pancreatic juice?
a) Absorb nutrients
b) Neutralize stomach acid
c) Break down proteins and fats
d) Store bile

A

C

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25
Which digestive disorder is caused by stomach acid leaking into the esophagus? a) GERD b) Crohn’s disease c) Ulcerative colitis d) Celiac disease
A
26
Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system in digestion? a) Transporting fat-soluble nutrients b) Breaking down proteins c) Absorbing carbohydrates d) Producing bile
A
27
Which organ is responsible for filtering blood and processing absorbed nutrients? a) Stomach b) Liver c) Pancreas d) Gallbladder
B
28
Which type of muscle movement pushes food through the digestive tract? a) Segmentation b) Peristalsis c) Constriction d) Absorption
B
29
Which of the following is NOT absorbed by the large intestine? a) Water b) Minerals c) Nutrients d) Electrolytes
C
30
Which macronutrient takes the longest to digest? a) Carbohydrates b) Proteins c) Fats d) Vitamins
C
31
What is the first organ involved in digestion?
The mouth
32
What enzyme in saliva begins carbohydrate digestion?
Amylase
33
What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Breaks down proteins, kills bacteria, and activates enzymes
34
Chyme meaning
The semi-liquid mixture of food and digestive juices in the stomach
35
Where does most nutrient absorption occur?
Small intestine
36
What does bile do
Helps break down fats for absorption
37
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
Produces digestive enzymes and insulin
38
What is peristalsis?
The muscle movement that pushes food through the digestive tract
39
Structure in SI increases absorption
Villi
40
What is the main function of the large intestine?
Absorbing water and storing waste
41
What is GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, where stomach acid enters the esophagus
42
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
Processes nutrients and produce bile
43
What digestive disorder is caused by inflammation of the intestinal lining?
Crohns disease
44
What neurotransmitter is primarily produced in the gut and affects mood?
Serotonin
45
What condition results from inadequate fiber and water intake?
Constipation
46
The process of breaking food into components small enough to be absorbed into the body.
Digestion
47
The process of taking substances into the interior of the body
Absorption
48
Body waste, including unabsorbed food residue, bacteria, mucus, and dead cells, which is excreted from the gastrointestinal tract by passing through the anus.
Feces
49
A hollow tube consisting of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus, in which digestion and absorption of nutrients occur.
Gastrointestinal tract
50
Transit time meaning
The time between the ingestion of food and the elimination of the solid waste from that food.
51
The layer of tissue lining the GI tract and other body cavities.
Mucosa
52
Chemical messengers that are produced in one location, released into the blood, and elicit responses at other locations in the body.
Hormones
53
The protective role that gastrointestinal cells have in limiting the absorption of harmful substances and disease- causing organisms.
Barrier function
54
a foreign substance that stimulates an immune respnse
Antigen
55
Proteins produced by cells of immune system that destroy foreign substances in body
Antibodies
56
Substance that stimulates immune response
Allergen
57
An enzyme in saliva, tears, and sweat that is capable of destroying certain types of bacteria.
Lysozyme
58
It is a common passageway for food and air and is responsible for swallowing.
Pharynx
59
A piece of elastic connective tissue at the back of the throat that covers the opening of the passageway to the lungs during swallowing.
Epiglottis
60
An organ that secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions into the small intestine during digestion.
Pancreas
61
An organ of the digestive system that stores bile, which is produced by the liver.
Gallbladder
62
substance made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, which is released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion and absorption.
Bile
63
A hormone released by the duodenum that signals the release of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions and stimulates the liver to secrete bile
Secretin
64
cholecystokinin (CCK) meaning
hormone released by the duodenum that stimulates the release of pancreatic juice (cause gallbladder to contact and release bile)
65
Largest part of LI
Colon
66
The system of vessels, organs, and tissues that drains excess fluid from the spaces between cells, transports fat-soluble substances from the digestive tract, and contributes to immune function
Lymphatic system
67
The vein that transports blood from the GI tract to the liver.
Hepatic portal vein
68
Define digestion
Process by which food is broken down into units small enough to be absorbed
69
__ the process by which nutrients are transported into body
Absorption
70
Bicarbonate from pancreas does what
Neutralize stomach acid
71
Digestion of fat in SI is aided by __ from the __
Bile, gallbladder
72
Secretions from pancreas and liver are regulated by hormes _and__
Secretin and CCK

Nutrients (15 decks)

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