11 - Major Minerals & Bone Health

Question 1

Minerals are __________ elements needed by the body in small amounts.

Answer 1

Inorganic

Question 2

The body requires __________ mg/day of major minerals.

Answer 2

More than 100

Question 3

__________ is the most abundant mineral in the body.

Answer 3

Calcium

Question 4

_______ and __________ are the two main minerals that make up bones.

Answer 4

Calcium
Phosphorus

Question 5

The disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fragility is called _____

Answer 5

Osteoporosis

Question 6

Bone mass is highly dependent on __ and __

Answer 6

Age
Sex

Question 7

Smoking and excessive __ consumption can weaken bones

Answer 7

Alcohol

Question 8

Process by which minerals retain their identity and are not destoryed by heat or oxygen is called

Answer 8

Bioavailability

Question 9

___ is needed for DNA, RNA, ATP production

Answer 9

Phosphorus

Question 10

__ is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and plays a role in cardiovascular health

Answer 10

Magnesium

Question 11

__ is the second most abundant intracellular ion after potassium

Answer 11

Magnesium

Question 12

The RDA for calcium for adults is __ mg/day

Answer 12

1000-1200

Question 13

A diet low in __ and __ increased risk of osteoporosis

Answer 13

Calcium
Vitamin D

Question 14

The mineral thta regulate cell communication and blood clotting is

Answer 14

Calcium

Question 15

The best sources of sulfur are __ rich foods

Answer 15

Protein

Question 16

Which of the following is a major mineral?
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Sodium
d) Fluoride

Answer 16

C

Question 17

What percentage of calcium is stored in bones and teeth?
a) 50%
b) 75%
c) 90%
d) 99%

Answer 17

D

Question 18

What is a symptom of osteoporosis?
a) Increased bone density
b) Weak and fragile bones
c) Higher muscle mass
d) Increased iron absorption

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Which mineral helps maintain blood pressure?
a) Calcium
b) Magnesium
c) Iron
d) Selenium

Answer 19

A

Question 20

A deficiency in phosphorus can lead to:
a) Muscle weakness
b) Bone loss
c) Loss of appetite
d) All of the above

Answer 20

D

Question 21

What is the main function of sulfur in the body?
a) Bone formation
b) DNA repair
c) Nerve function
d) Blood clotting

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Which mineral is necessary for energy release from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Magnesium
d) Fluoride

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Which mineral is known to “tone down” calcium levels in the blood?
a) PTH
b) Phosphorus
c) Calcitonin
d) Fluoride

Answer 23

C

Question 24

Which of the following increases calcium absorption?
a) Tannins
b) Oxalates
c) Phytates
d) Vitamin D

Answer 24

D

Question 25

What is the primary source of phosphorus in the diet? a) Meat and dairy b) Leafy greens c) Citrus fruits d) Legumes

Answer 25

A

Question 26

Magnesium plays a key role in: a) Bone formation b) Blood clotting c) Muscle relaxation d) None of the above

Answer 26

C

Question 27

What percentage of calcium is absorbed from milk? a) 5% b) 10% c) 25% d) 50%

Answer 27

C

Question 28

What is the most common cause of magnesium deficiency? a) Alcoholism b) High protein diet c) Excessive exercise d) None of the above

Answer 28

A

Question 29

diet high in __________ can interfere with calcium absorption. a) Fiber b) Sodium c) Protein d) All of the above

Answer 29

D

Question 30

What does vitamin D do to help calcium levels? a) Increases calcium absorption b) Decreases calcium loss in urine c) Pulls calcium from bones when needed d) All of the above

Answer 30

D

Question 31

What are the two types of minerals

Answer 31

Major minerals (needed in large amounts) trace minerals (needed in small amounts).

Question 32

3 main functions of minerals

Answer 32

Contribute to body structure regulate body processes act as cofactors for enzymes.

Question 33

Name three major minerals.

Answer 33

Calcium Potassium Magnesium

Question 34

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 34

A disorder that leads to reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk

Question 35

2 lifestyle factors contribute to osteoporosis risk

Answer 35

Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption

Question 36

What mineral helps regulate bp and muscle contractions

Answer 36

Calcium

Question 37

Which vitamin enhances calcium absorption

Answer 37

Vitamin D

Question 38

What mineral is essential for ATP production and DNA synthesis

Answer 38

Phosphorus

Question 39

Which mineral is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes

Answer 39

Magnesium

Question 40

Where is most sulfur found in the body

Answer 40

In protein structures like keratin (hair, skin, nails)

Question 41

What does calcitonin do

Answer 41

Lowers calcium levels in blood

Question 42

What happens when calcium intake is too high

Answer 42

Can lead to kidney stones and soft tissue calcification

Question 43

Primary source of magnesium in diet

Answer 43

Leafy green Nut Seed Whole grains

Question 44

What happens if phosphorus levels are too high

Answer 44

Calcium resorption from bones

Question 46

What mineral is required for blood clotting

Answer 46

calcium