10: Water And Electrolytes

Question 1

Water makes up about __ % of blood

Answer 1

90

Question 2

Primary function of water in the body is __, __, and __

Answer 2

Transport
Lubrication
Temp regulation

Question 3

2 main types of body fluid are _ and _

Answer 3

Intracellular
Extracellular

Question 4

The kidney regulate water loss by filtering water from __ into kidney tubules

Answer 4

Blood

Question 5

The hypothalamus triggers thirst in response to decreased __ and increased __ concentration

Answer 5

Blood volume
Solute

Question 6

Excessive water intake can cause __, which dilute sodium levels in blood

Answer 6

Hyponatremia

Question 7

Primary positive ion inside the cell is ___, while the primary positive ion outside the cell is __

Answer 7

Potassium
Sodium

Question 8

__ is the hormone that help kidney retain water when bp is low

Answer 8

ADH

Question 9

Adequate daily intake of water for men is ___ L/day and for women is __ L/day

Answer 9

3.7
2.7

Question 10

The electrolyte that plays a key role in muscle contraction and nerve signaling is __

Answer 10

Potassium

Question 11

High sodium intake in linked to increased risk of __, a condition where bp is too high

Answer 11

Hypertension

Question 12

Main dietary source of sodium is __ foods

Answer 12

Processed

Question 13

The term __ refers to the movement of water across a memb to balance solute concentration

Answer 13

Osmosis

Question 14

A diet high in __ can help lower bp by counteracting sodiums effects

Answer 14

Potassium

Question 15

Sweat losses of __ L/day can occur in hot climates or during exercise

Answer 15

1-2

Question 16

Which of the following body tissues contains the highest percentage of water?
a) Blood
b) Muscle
c) Bone
d) Adipose tissue

Answer 16

A

Question 17

What is the primary function of electrolytes in the body?
a) Energy storage
b) Fluid balance regulation
c) Protein synthesis
d) Oxygen transport

Answer 17

B

Question 18

Which organ is responsible for regulating water balance?
a) Liver
b) Stomach
c) Kidneys
d) Lungs

Answer 18

C

Question 20

What is the main cause of dehydration?
a) Excess sodium intake
b) More water loss than intake
c) Too much potassium intake
d) Low sodium levels

Answer 20

B

Question 21

What hormone is released when blood volume is too low?
a) Insulin
b) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c) Thyroid hormone
d) Glucagon

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Which mineral is most important for preventing muscle cramps?
a) Calcium
b) Sodium
c) Potassium
d) Chloride

Answer 22

C

Question 23

What happens to blood sodium levels when someone drinks too much water?
a) They increase
b) They stay the same
c) They decrease (hyponatremia)
d) They become more concentrated

Answer 23

C

Question 24

What is the most common source of dietary sodium?
a) Fresh fruits
b) Whole grains
c) Processed foods
d) Dairy products

Answer 24

C

Question 25

How does sodium affect blood pressure? a) Lowers it b) Raises it c) Has no effect d) Lowers cholesterol instead

Answer 25

B

Question 26

What percentage of water intake comes from food? a) 10-15% b) 20-25% c) 30-35% d) 40-45%

Answer 26

B

Question 27

Which ion is found in the highest concentration inside cells? a) Sodium b) Chloride c) Potassium d) Calcium

Answer 27

C

Question 28

What is the primary role of chloride in the body? a) Helps transport oxygen b) Assists in digestion and fluid balance c) Builds muscle tissue d) Stores fat

Answer 28

B

Question 29

What is a key symptom of severe dehydration? a) Weight gain b) High energy levels c) Confusion and dizziness d) Increased appetite

Answer 29

C

Question 30

The AI (Adequate Intake) for sodium in adults is: a) 500 mg/day b) 1,500 mg/day c) 2,500 mg/day d) 3,500 mg/day

Answer 30

B

Question 31

How can a person reduce their sodium intake? a) Eat more processed foods b) Increase caffeine consumption c) Avoid canned and processed foods d) Drink less water

Answer 31

C

Question 32

What are the main functions of water in the body?

Answer 32

Transport, lubrication, temperature regulation

Question 33

What are the two types of body fluid compartments?

Answer 33

Intracellular fluid & extracellular fluid

Question 34

How does the body maintain water balance?

Answer 34

Through intake (drinking/eating) and output (urine, sweat, evaporation)

Question 35

What is the role of the kidneys in fluid balance?

Answer 35

Filter blood and regulate water loss

Question 36

What triggers the thirst mechanism?

Answer 36

Low blood volume & high solute concentration

Question 37

What happens when someone is overhydrated?

Answer 37

Hyponatremia (low sodium levels)

Question 38

What is the primary function of sodium?

Answer 38

Regulates fluid balance, nerve conduction muscle contraction

Question 39

Why is potassium important for heart health?

Answer 39

helps regulate heartbeat and muscle function

Question 40

What is the major source of dietary sodium?

Answer 40

Processed and canned foods

Question 41

What is a symptom of dehydration?

Answer 41

Dizziness, fatigue, confusion

Question 42

What does ADH (antidiuretic hormone) do?

Answer 42

Signals the kidneys to retain water

Question 43

What is osmosis?

Answer 43

Movement of water across a membrane to balance solute concentration

Question 44

How does potassium help lower blood pressure?

Answer 44

counteracts sodium’s effects and relaxes blood vessels

Question 45

What is the main cause of high sodium intake?

Answer 45

Processed food

Question 46

How can you reduce high blood pressure?

Answer 46

Eat more potassium-rich food exercise limit sodium intake