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PSYCH 453 > Ch. 6: Pregnancy & Childbirth > Flashcards

Ch. 6: Pregnancy & Childbirth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the months for each trimester?

A

1 Tri: 1-3 months
2 Tri: 4-6 months
3 Tri: 7-9 months

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2
Q

what are the different types of pregnancy tests?

A
  • home tests
  • lab tests
  • urine tests
  • new blood tests
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3
Q

what do pregnancy tests detect that make it positive?

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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4
Q

Placenta

A

mass of tissue that differentiates from developing embryo

produces hCG, estrogen & progesterone

exchanges oxygen & nutrients between mother & fetus

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5
Q

teratogens

A

drug/substances that produce defects in fetus

ex: thalidomide, alcohol, cocaine, antibiotics, antibiotics, cigarettes
effects: fetal alcohol syndrome, small brain, joint, limb & heart malformations

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6
Q

Teratogens for fathers:

A

1) drugs taken b4 pregnancy
2) smoking during pregnancy
3) chronic alcohol consumption affects DNA methylation

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7
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

egg implants somewhere other than the uterus like the fallopian tube

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8
Q

what happens during the beginning of labor?

A
  • contractions
  • mucus plug dislodges from cervix (bloody show)
  • amniotic sac ruptures (water breaks)
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9
Q

dilation

A

opening up of cervix

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10
Q

effacement

A

thinning of cervix

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11
Q

the cervix dilates from 8 to ___cm

A

10 cm

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12
Q

what happens during the first stage of labor?

A

dilation and effacement of cervix

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13
Q

what happens during the second stage of labor?

A

baby pushed out of vagina

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14
Q

what happens during the third stage of labor?

A

placenta is expelled

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15
Q

cesarean section

A

surgical birth through incision in lower abdomen

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16
Q

what percentage of births in the U.S are C sections?

A

33%

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17
Q

what are the reasons for c-section?

A
  • fetal distress
  • umbilical cord prolapse
  • baby too large or mom’s pelvis too small
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18
Q

VBAC

A

vaginal birth after cesarean

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19
Q

lamaze method

A

methods to reduce pain in childbirth without drugs

  • education
  • relaxation
  • controlled breathing
  • husband or coach involvement
20
Q

where does childbirth education primarily occur nowadays?

A

hospitals

21
Q

are epidurals accepted in society today?

A

yes

22
Q

when can sex be resumed after birth?

A

resumed after 7 weeks postpartum

23
Q

are there any differences in sex between vaginal & cesarean?

A

nope

24
Q

does breastfeeding impact when sex resumes postpartum?

A

when breastfeeding there is a later resumption of sex, less satisfaction during this period b/c of suppression of estrogen, progesterone, & testosterone

25
Q

if fertilized, how long does it take for the egg to travel to the uterus via fallopian tube?

A

5 days

26
Q

how much is the volume of a typical ejaculate?

A

3 mililiters

27
Q

where does conception typically occur?

A

in the outer third of the fallopian tube

28
Q

what is a fertilized egg called?

A

zygote

29
Q

how many days after conception does the egg implant itself in the lining of the uterus?

A

5-7 days

30
Q

for how many weeks is the egg called an embryo?

A

first eight weeks

31
Q

when is an embryo called a fetus?

A

after eight weeks

32
Q

for how long can sperm live inside the vagina?

A

up to 5 days

33
Q

when is the embryonic period of development?

A

1-8 weeks

34
Q

what develops during the embryonic period?

A

fetus major organ systems

35
Q

ectoderm

A

layer of cells in embryo that forms the nervous system

36
Q

endoderm

A

layer of cells in embryo that forms digestive system

37
Q

mesoderm

A

cell layer between ectoderm and endoderm in embryo that forms the muscles, skeleton, connective tissues, reproductive & circulatory systems

38
Q

in what order does fetal development generally proceed?

A

cephalocaudal- head first than lower body last

39
Q

when is the umbilical cord formed?

A

week 5

40
Q

when can a fetal heartbeat be detected?

A

week 18

41
Q

when does the fetus assume the head-down position?

A

month 7

42
Q

when does the woman become aware of the fetal movements?

A

month 4

43
Q

edema

A

water retention and swelling during pregnancy

44
Q

amniocentesis

A 
A test done to determine
whether a fetus has birth defects;
done by inserting a fine tube into the
woman’s abdomen in order to obtain
a sample of amniotic fluid
45
Q

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

A technique for prenatal diagnosis
of birth defects, involving taking a
sample of cells from the chorionic villus and analyzing them.

PSYCH 453 (23 decks)

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