Ch. 6: Pregnancy & Childbirth

Question 1

What are the months for each trimester?

Answer 1

1 Tri: 1-3 months
2 Tri: 4-6 months
3 Tri: 7-9 months

Question 2

what are the different types of pregnancy tests?

Answer 2

• home tests
• lab tests
• urine tests
• new blood tests

Question 3

what do pregnancy tests detect that make it positive?

Answer 3

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 4

Placenta

Answer 4

mass of tissue that differentiates from developing embryo

produces hCG, estrogen & progesterone

exchanges oxygen & nutrients between mother & fetus

Question 5

teratogens

Answer 5

drug/substances that produce defects in fetus

ex: thalidomide, alcohol, cocaine, antibiotics, antibiotics, cigarettes
effects: fetal alcohol syndrome, small brain, joint, limb & heart malformations

Question 6

Teratogens for fathers:

Answer 6

1) drugs taken b4 pregnancy
2) smoking during pregnancy
3) chronic alcohol consumption affects DNA methylation

Question 7

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 7

egg implants somewhere other than the uterus like the fallopian tube

Question 8

what happens during the beginning of labor?

Answer 8

• contractions
• mucus plug dislodges from cervix (bloody show)
• amniotic sac ruptures (water breaks)

Question 9

dilation

Answer 9

opening up of cervix

Question 10

effacement

Answer 10

thinning of cervix

Question 11

the cervix dilates from 8 to ___cm

Answer 11

10 cm

Question 12

what happens during the first stage of labor?

Answer 12

dilation and effacement of cervix

Question 13

what happens during the second stage of labor?

Answer 13

baby pushed out of vagina

Question 14

what happens during the third stage of labor?

Answer 14

placenta is expelled

Question 15

cesarean section

Answer 15

surgical birth through incision in lower abdomen

Question 16

what percentage of births in the U.S are C sections?

Answer 16

33%

Question 17

what are the reasons for c-section?

Answer 17

• fetal distress
• umbilical cord prolapse
• baby too large or mom’s pelvis too small

Question 18

VBAC

Answer 18

vaginal birth after cesarean

Question 19

lamaze method

Answer 19

methods to reduce pain in childbirth without drugs

• education
• relaxation
• controlled breathing
• husband or coach involvement

Question 20

where does childbirth education primarily occur nowadays?

Answer 20

hospitals

Question 21

are epidurals accepted in society today?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

when can sex be resumed after birth?

Answer 22

resumed after 7 weeks postpartum

Question 23

are there any differences in sex between vaginal & cesarean?

Answer 23

nope

Question 24

does breastfeeding impact when sex resumes postpartum?

Answer 24

when breastfeeding there is a later resumption of sex, less satisfaction during this period b/c of suppression of estrogen, progesterone, & testosterone

Question 25

if fertilized, how long does it take for the egg to travel to the uterus via fallopian tube?

Answer 25

5 days

Question 26

how much is the volume of a typical ejaculate?

Answer 26

3 mililiters

Question 27

where does conception typically occur?

Answer 27

in the outer third of the fallopian tube

Question 28

what is a fertilized egg called?

Answer 28

zygote

Question 29

how many days after conception does the egg implant itself in the lining of the uterus?

Answer 29

5-7 days

Question 30

for how many weeks is the egg called an embryo?

Answer 30

first eight weeks

Question 31

when is an embryo called a fetus?

Answer 31

after eight weeks

Question 32

for how long can sperm live inside the vagina?

Answer 32

up to 5 days

Question 33

when is the embryonic period of development?

Answer 33

1-8 weeks

Question 34

what develops during the embryonic period?

Answer 34

fetus major organ systems

Question 35

ectoderm

Answer 35

layer of cells in embryo that forms the nervous system

Question 36

endoderm

Answer 36

layer of cells in embryo that forms digestive system

Question 37

mesoderm

Answer 37

cell layer between ectoderm and endoderm in embryo that forms the muscles, skeleton, connective tissues, reproductive & circulatory systems

Question 38

in what order does fetal development generally proceed?

Answer 38

cephalocaudal- head first than lower body last

Question 39

when is the umbilical cord formed?

Answer 39

week 5

Question 40

when can a fetal heartbeat be detected?

Answer 40

week 18

Question 41

when does the fetus assume the head-down position?

Answer 41

month 7

Question 42

when does the woman become aware of the fetal movements?

Answer 42

month 4

Question 43

edema

Answer 43

water retention and swelling during pregnancy

Question 44

amniocentesis

Answer 44

``` A test done to determine whether a fetus has birth defects; done by inserting a fine tube into the woman’s abdomen in order to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid ```

Question 45

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 45

A technique for prenatal diagnosis of birth defects, involving taking a sample of cells from the chorionic villus and analyzing them.