Ch. 15 & 16: Sexual Coercion & Pornography

Question 1

rape

Answer 1

nonconsenting oral, anal, or vaginal penetration obtained by force or by threat of bodily harm, or when victim is incapable of giving consent

Question 2

% of being raped in their lifetime as a woman

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

more than half of rapes happen before age __

Answer 3

18

Question 4

% of rapes committed by someone the victim knows (date rape or party rape)

Answer 4

78%

Question 5

psychological consequences of rape

Answer 5

anxiety, depression, self-blame, PTSD (long-term psychological distress due to terrifying event)

Question 6

post-traumatic growth

Answer 6

positive life changes and psychological development following trauma

Question 7

% of false rape accusations

Answer 7

~5%

Question 8

% of rapes not reported to the police

Answer 8

80%

Question 9

victim-precipitated view of rape

Answer 9

rape is women’s/victim’s fault

Question 10

psychopathology of rapists

Answer 10

rape is committed by just a few highly disturbed men

Question 11

feminist view of rape

Answer 11

rape is a product of gender socialization; rape is more about dominance than it is about sex

Question 12

social disorganization (sociological) view of rape

Answer 12

rape increases where there is social disorganization in a community, norms don’t restrict people

Question 13

rape culture

Answer 13

deeply entrenched cultural attitudes about culture & sexuality that shape people’s attitudes about rape

Question 14

what are some prevalent attitude & practices that normalize, excuse, tolerate & even condone rape?

Answer 14

victim-blaming, rape myths, trivialization of rape (ex: jokes about rape)

Question 15

characteristics of rapists

Answer 15

• compared w/ other men, rapists hold beliefs that support rape (women are dangerous & deceptive; men are entitled to sex)
• poor inhibition of aggressive impulses
• lack empathy
• environmental triggers (ex: being in war)
• part of peer group that approves of forced sex & encourages sex with many woman

Question 16

statutory rape

Answer 16

sex btwn an adult (over 17 or 18) with a person below the age of consent

Question 17

“Romeo & Juliet” laws

Answer 17

allow sex btwn an 18yr high schooler and 15yr girlfriend

Question 18

pharmacological effect of alcohol

Answer 18

impairs higher cognitive functions (ex: decision making, inhibiting bad behaviors)

Question 19

psychological effect of alcohol

Answer 19

people expect ppl who drink to be more sociable

Question 20

pedophilia

Answer 20

adult having sex with a child age 13 or younger (prepubescent)

Question 21

characteristics of pedophilia

Answer 21

intense fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors for 6 months or longer (according to DSM-5 Pedophilic Disorder); must be at least 5 yrs older than child; typically solicits sex on the internet

Question 22

treatment for pedophilia

Answer 22

• surgical castration
• anti-androgen drugs= Lupron
• “chemical castration”= reduces sexual urges

Question 23

can pedophilia be changed?

Answer 23

• perhaps not the direction of attraction to children
• increase voluntary control so that person doesn’t act on the attractions
• some experts question whether any treatments are successful

Question 24

sexual harassment

Answer 24

unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature

Question 25

it is sexual harassment when ___

Answer 25

1) submission to act is on implicit/explicit term of employment or academic advancement 2) submission or rejection due to academic decisions affecting the individual 3) conduct unreasonably interferes w/ individual's work & creates a hostile, intimidating education environment

Question 26

obscenity

Answer 26

offensive to accepted standards of decency

Question 27

pornography

Answer 27

sexually arousing art, literature, or films that include a demeaning portrayal of people

Question 28

erotica

Answer 28

sexually arousing material that is not degrading or demeaning to adults (women, men, others) or children & shows equal relationships

Question 29

susceptibilities

Answer 29

individual predispositions (ex: anti-social personality); developmental (age); social (peers, fraternity) that predict media use and predict who is affected by media use

Question 30

exposure to "barely legal" porn creates ____

Answer 30

stronger association btwn those images & "erotic" (implicit attitudes)

Question 31

long-term effects of porn

Answer 31

long-term porn use correlates with attitudes supporting violence against women

Question 32

meta-analysis findings about porn and aggressive behavior

Answer 32

porn exposure increases aggressive behavior towards women

Question 33

what can we do about the negative effects of porn?

Answer 33

- censorship?- dilemma btwn freedom of expression & protection from harm - education- "prebriefing" can counter the negative effects