Ch. 11: Attraction and Love

Question 1

Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 1

repeated exposure to a person makes you like them more

AKA: the “girl next door” effect

Question 2

Homophily

Answer 2

the tendency to have contact with people of similar social status
(ex: Education)

Question 3

The Matching Phenomenon

Answer 3

we choose a romantic partner who is similar to us in areas such as attitudes, intelligence & attractiveness

Question 4

How does physical appearance affect attractiveness?

Answer 4

1) most ppl are attracted to good-looking people (even preschoolers)
2) your physical attractiveness correlates with your partners physical attractiveness

Question 5

Attractiveness is mostly about ___

Answer 5

first impressions (especially in hookup culture)

Question 6

how successful is online dating? (how many ppl end up married)

Answer 6

among online daters, 44% end up married

Question 7

Byrne’s Law of Attraction

Answer 7

we like people who give us lots of reinforcements & few punishments (so spend a lot of time together)

Question 8

Evolutionary theory: Sexual Strategies Theory (Buss)

Answer 8

physical attractiveness is a guide to fertility
men= attracted to young women b/c more fertile
women= attracted to healthy men & men willing to contribute resources to them & their kids

Question 9

intimacy

Answer 9

commitment, closeness (emotional & cognitive), trust, self-disclosure

Question 10

how does self-disclosure look like?

Answer 10

• telling personal things about yourself
• promote a sense of intimacy
• promote reciprocation

Question 11

how can intimacy be measured?

Answer 11

how many times x person listens to me when I need someone to talk to

Question 12

love

Answer 12

doing something to make partner happy

Question 13

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory

Answer 13

3 components to love:
1-intimacy: emotional component
2-passion: motivation or drive component (physical attraction, drive for sexual expression)
3-decision/commitment: cognitive component
long-term: moving in together
short-term: realizing that I love you

Question 14

3 types of lovers in Attachment Theory

Answer 14

3 types of lovers:
secure= closeness is easy, natural for them (53% of adults)
avoidant= closeness is difficult for them (26%)
anxious-ambivalent= insecure, desperately want closeness, but then pull away from partner (20%)

Question 15

Cause of Attachment Theory

Answer 15

• result of childhood experiences of attachment

- secure attachment at 12 months predicts more positive relationships at ages 20-23 (rated by self and partner)

Question 16

Love Styles

Answer 16

John Alan Lee proposes 3 basic types:
Eros- love based on powerful physical attraction
Ludus- love is play, not serious commitment
Storge- love that builds slowly & is very stable, lasts through crisis

Question 17

2-component theory

Answer 17

love involves 2 components:

1) physiological arousal
2) cognitive label (love)

Question 18

misattribution of arousal

Answer 18

arousal is not love

ex: the scary bridge study which showed that ppl misattribute arousal in event processing to love & attraction (trauma bond?)

Question 19

passionate love

Answer 19

intense, all-consuming, lasts 6-30 months

Question 20

companionate love

Answer 20

deep attachment & commitment following the passionate phase

Question 21

biochemicals involved in passionate love

Answer 21

dopamine–> euphoria

Question 22

biochemicals involved in companionate love

Answer 22

oxytocin–> calm pleasure

Question 23

individualistic cultures show…

Answer 23

priority is on the individual’s goals, over group goals or societal goals

Question 24

collectivistic cultures show…

Answer 24

priority is on group & collective goals over personal

• the self is defined by the group
• arranged marriages for the good of the families

Question 25

random sample vs probability sample

Answer 25

random- each person has an = probability of being picked

probability- each person has a known probability of being chosen