CH 6: Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Which of the following best describes the medical condition of shock?
A state of inadequate tissue perfusion
What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism?
Oxygen and glucose
Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large meal?
pancreas
In relation to anatomy, the term topography means:
external landmarks of body structures.
The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the ________ blood pressure.
systolic
What are the two most easily injured portions of the spine?
cervical and lumbar
What is the inferior-most portion of the sternum?
Xiphoid process
Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the body?
Capillaries
What is the strongest and most muscular part of the heart?
left ventrical
What is another name for the eye socket?
orbit
Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the body?
plasma
What is the large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the pelvis?
illium
What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to hemorrhage?
Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
What system is composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body’s immune system?
lymphatic system
Which of the following body systems primarily produces hormones?
endocrine
Your patient is an 84-year-old male with difficulty breathing and peripheral edema. He tells you he has been suffering for many years with “heart failure,” and his condition is worsening, especially with trouble breathing at night. Your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology suggests that his condition could have resulted from the failure of either the right or left side of his heart. Which chamber of the heart is the strongest, most muscular part of the heart and is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
left ventricle
What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs?
smooth
The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following mechanisms?
Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta
What type of blood vessels surround the alveoli
capillaries
Which layer of the skin is exposed to the environment?
epidermis
Which of the following terms describes the heart muscle’s ability to generate its own electrical impulses?
Automaticity
At which of the following locations could you palpate a malleolus?
ankle
You are on the scene at an office building where a 32-year-old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a fight-or-flight response may have been activated in this patient, involving which nervous system and which hormone?
Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine
What is not one of the primary organs for the female reproductive system?
urethra
Failure of the liver would result in which of the following?
Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream
Which of the following is the primary function of the stomach?
Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions
Your 15-year-old patient was playing baseball today and was struck in the face by a baseball bat. As you assess his injuries and manage spinal immobilization, you note that several of his teeth are broken and he seems to have deformity and pain isolated to his lower jaw. The lower jaw bone is also known as the:
mandible
What causes the “seesaw” breathing pattern of young children?
They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.
Your unit has arrived on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision where several vehicles have rear-ended each other. You are directed by the incident commander to care for a 23-year-old female in the first vehicle. The firefighter on-scene holding manual spinal immobilization indicates that her primary complaint is back pain from her head whipping back and forth from the impact. Your understanding of the anatomy of the spinal column and vertebrae suggests that this type of mechanism of injury results in frequent injuries to which part of the spinal column?
cervical spine
What are the small bones that make up the wrist called?
Carpals
Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood loss?
spleen
What system is a group of organs and glands designed for the specific purpose of reproduction?
reproductive system
Which of the following are the components of the complete nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, and nerve tissue
Which organ is the principal organ of the renal system?
kidney
You are caring for a 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular system, you know he could be suffering from damage, narrowing, or blockage of what arteries?
coronary arteries
The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the ________ pulse.
dorsalis pedis
