CH 6: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the medical condition of​ shock?

Answer 1

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 2

What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism​?

Answer 2

Oxygen and glucose

Question 3

Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large​ meal?

Answer 3

pancreas

Question 4

In relation to​ anatomy, the term topography​ means:

Answer 4

external landmarks of body structures.

Question 5

The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the​ ________ blood pressure.

Answer 5

systolic

Question 6

What are the two most easily injured portions of the​ spine?

Answer 6

cervical and lumbar

Question 7

What is the​ inferior-most portion of the​ sternum?

Answer 7

Xiphoid process

Question 8

Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the​ body?

Answer 8

Capillaries

Question 9

What is the strongest and most muscular part of the​ heart?

Answer 9

left ventrical

Question 10

What is another name for the eye​ socket?

Answer 10

orbit

Question 11

Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the​ body?

Answer 11

plasma

Question 12

What is the​ large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the​ pelvis?

Answer 12

illium

Question 13

What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to​ hemorrhage?

Answer 13

Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues

Question 14

What system is composed of​ organs, tissues, and vessels that help maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the​ body’s immune​ system?

Answer 14

lymphatic system

Question 15

Which of the following body systems primarily produces​ hormones?

Answer 15

endocrine

Question 16

Your patient is an​ 84-year-old male with difficulty breathing and peripheral edema. He tells you he has been suffering for many years with​ “heart failure,” and his condition is​ worsening, especially with trouble breathing at night. Your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology suggests that his condition could have resulted from the failure of either the right or left side of his heart. Which chamber of the heart is the​ strongest, most muscular part of the heart and is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the​ body?

Answer 16

left ventricle

Question 17

What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the​ lungs?

Answer 17

smooth

Question 18

The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following​ mechanisms?

Answer 18

Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta

Question 19

What type of blood vessels surround the​ alveoli

Answer 19

capillaries

Question 20

Which layer of the skin is exposed to the​ environment?

Answer 20

epidermis

Question 21

Which of the following terms describes the heart​ muscle’s ability to generate its own electrical​ impulses?

Answer 21

Automaticity

Question 22

At which of the following locations could you palpate a​ malleolus?

Answer 22

ankle

Question 23

You are on the scene at an office building where a​ 32-year-old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a​ fight-or-flight response may have been activated in this​ patient, involving which nervous system and which​ hormone?

Answer 23

Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine

Question 24

What is not one of the primary organs for the female reproductive​ system?

Answer 24

urethra

Question 25

Failure of the liver would result in which of the​ following?

Answer 25

Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream

Question 26

Which of the following is the primary function of the​ stomach?

Answer 26

Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions

Question 27

Your​ 15-year-old patient was playing baseball today and was struck in the face by a baseball bat. As you assess his injuries and manage spinal​ immobilization, you note that several of his teeth are broken and he seems to have deformity and pain isolated to his lower jaw. The lower jaw bone is also known as​ the:

Answer 27

mandible

Question 28

What causes the​ “seesaw” breathing pattern of young​ children?

Answer 28

They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.

Question 29

Your unit has arrived on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision where several vehicles have​ rear-ended each other. You are directed by the incident commander to care for a​ 23-year-old female in the first vehicle. The firefighter​ on-scene holding manual spinal immobilization indicates that her primary complaint is back pain from her head whipping back and forth from the impact. Your understanding of the anatomy of the spinal column and vertebrae suggests that this type of mechanism of injury results in frequent injuries to which part of the spinal​ column?

Answer 29

cervical spine

Question 30

What are the small bones that make up the wrist​ called?

Answer 30

Carpals

Question 31

Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood​ loss?

Answer 31

spleen

Question 32

What system is a group of organs and glands designed for the specific purpose of​ reproduction?

Answer 32

reproductive system

Question 33

Which of the following are the components of the complete nervous​ system?

Answer 33

Brain, spinal​ cord, and nerve tissue

Question 34

Which organ is the principal organ of the renal​ system?

Answer 34

kidney

Question 35

You are caring for a​ 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular​ system, you know he could be suffering from​ damage, narrowing, or blockage of what​ arteries?

Answer 35

coronary arteries

Question 36

The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the​ ________ pulse.

Answer 36

dorsalis pedis