CH 29 Flashcards
Which of the following is indicated in the management of a patient in shock?
A.
Managing the patient’s airway and preventing hypoxia
B.
Considering proper positioning of the patient
D.
Preventing loss of body heat by covering the patient with a blanket
Which of the following is not recommended when controlling epistaxis?
Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose
Which of the following is responsible for most of the early signs and symptoms of shock?
The body’s attempts at compensation for blood loss
Which of the following vessels has thick muscular walls that allow constriction and dilation?
Arteries
Which of the following statements about treating a patient who appears to be in shock is true
B.
The patient should be promptly put on high-concentration oxygen.
C.
Airway management is a top priority.
D.
Prompt transportation is a very high priority.
Which of the following is a hallmark of irreversible shock?
Cell damage and death in the vital organs
If you do not have a commercial tourniquet available, what common supply found on the ambulance can be used as a substitute?
Triangle bandage
Your patient is a 28-year-old male who cut his thigh with a chain saw. It appears that he has lost about 600 cc of blood. Which of the following is not part of the proper management of this patient?
Replacing fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water
Blunt trauma is the leading cause of internal injuries and bleeding. Which of the following are mechanisms of blunt trauma that may cause internal bleeding?
- Falls
- Motor vehicle or motorcycle crashes
3. Auto-pedestrian collisions - Blast injuries
Which of the following is the least effective method of controlling bleeding?
elevation
Which of the following best explains the reason for minimizing scene time for the trauma patient with significant hemorrhage or the potential for significant hemorrhage?
It is essential to get the shock patient to more definitive care.
Your patient is a 12-year-old boy who ran his arm through a glass window and has an 8-inch laceration on his anterior forearm. You have applied a pressure dressing and bandage, but these have become saturated due to continued bleeding. Which of the following should you do now?
Elevate the arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent.
External bleeding may be classified according to types. Which of the following is one of those types?
Capillary bleeding
Which of the following circumstances may result in hypoperfusion?
A.
There is external bleeding.
B.
Blood vessels are dilated.
C.
The heart is damaged.
Shock is the circulatory system’s failure to provide sufficient blood and oxygen to all the body’s tissues. Which of the following is not a major type of shock?
hypervolemic
Which of the following statements about neurogenic shock is true?
Neurogenic shock is sometimes caused by spinal injuries.
As an EMT, your best clue indicating the possibility of internal bleeding may be the presence of:
the mechanism of injury.
Which of the following is a purpose for making airway management the highest priority in shock patients with nonmassive bleeding?
It minimizes the chances of aspiration of blood or vomit.
C.
It allows for improved elimination of carbon dioxide.
D.
It allows for oxygenation of the lungs.
Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of pressure?
Arteries
Which of the following is the major cause of shock that the EMT will encounter?
Hemorrhage
Which of the following signifies a failure in the patient’s compensatory response to blood loss?
hypotension
Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be used?
Use a material that is wide and thick.
Which of the following statements about the application of a tourniquet is correct?
The tourniquet should be at least 2 inches wide.
C.
The tourniquet should be placed approximately 2 to 3 inches above the bleeding.
D.
Commercial tourniquets are preferable to improvised tourniquets
The most common form of hemostatic agent is:
gauze or dressings
Which of the following is an important early indicator of hypoperfusion?
Altered mental status
Which of the following is the most effective way of controlling external bleeding in superficial wounds?
Using direct pressure with a dressing
Which of the following is part of the body’s compensatory response to blood loss?
Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases.
Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external bleeding?
To prevent and manage hypoperfusion
Which of the following blood vessels cannot stop bleeding by constricting?
capillaries
Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain one-way blood flow?
veins
Which of the following terms refers to the delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of wastes at the body’s cellular level?
perfusion
Although many of the signs and symptoms of shock are the same no matter what the cause, the symptoms follow a logical progression as shock develops and worsens. Arrange the following signs and symptoms in the order that they will most likely appear.
- Altered mental status
4. Pale, cool, and clammy skin - Nausea and vomiting
- Increased pulse
- Increased respirations
- Dropping blood pressure
Your patient is a 6-year-old child who has fallen down while running on a sidewalk. She has abrasions on both knees and the palms of both hands, which are oozing blood. This is an example of bleeding from which of the following types of vessels?
capillaries
Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has active, steady, dark red bleeding. He is awake, pale, and diaphoretic. He has a strong radial pulse of 112 per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 122/82 mmHg. He has no other injuries or complaints. Which of the following is the best sequence of steps in the management of this patient?
Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg
When deciding where to transport a patient who has internal bleeding or who has the potential for internal bleeding, which of the following is the most important service to be provided by the receiving hospital?
Immediate surgical capabilities
Which of the following best describes the function of blood?
It transports gases and nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation.
Which of the following is a consequence of hypoperfusion?
A.
Cells are not supplied with nutrients.
B.
Cellular waste products are not removed.
D.
Cells are not supplied with oxygen.
In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes take place?
capillaries
Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding?
spurting under pressure
Which of the following is another name for the condition of shock?
hypoperfusion
Which of the following is part of the circulatory system?
Heart
C.
Blood
D.
Blood vessels
Which of the following should increase the EMT’s suspicion of internal bleeding?
A.
Penetrating trauma to the chest or abdomen
B.
Fall from a height two or more times the patient’s height
C.
High-speed motor vehicle collision
Cold is sometimes used to help control bleeding. When using cold, the following guidelines and statements are true
A.
it should not be used alone but rather in conjunction with other manual techniques.
B.
it will reduce pain.
C.
it should not be left in place for more than 20 minutes
