CH 10 Flashcards
Which of the following best describes inadequate breathing?
The minute volume is less than normal.
What device is used to perform mouth-to-mask ventilation?
Pocket face mask
Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true?
It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.
When assessing a patient’s breathing, what is your first question?
is he breathing
When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure?
When continuation of a respiratory challenge results in the systems being unable to keep up with the demand, and the skin color and mental status change.
Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient?
You should increase the patient’s oxygen flow rate to improve tissue oxygenation.
Which of the following statements best describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli?
Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs.
A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation. What is the treatment for this patient?
A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation. What is the treatment for this patient?
Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.
Which of the following can cause respiratory depression?Which of the following can cause respiratory depression?
End-stage COPD changes the stimulus to breathe from high carbon dioxide levels to low oxygen levels, causing breathing to become depressed when oxygen is administered.
What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask?
50%
You and your EMT partner are preparing to ventilate an elderly non-trauma patient who has a stoma. Your partner performs the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and you ask him to return the patient’s head to a neutral position. “Why? This is not a pediatric patient!” your partner protests. What would you say?
It is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations.
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called:
pulmonary respiration
Why does a patient involved in an auto crash who has major internal abdominal bleeding require oxygen to maintain internal respiration?
A lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability of the blood.
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called:
internal respiration.
A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is a normal color and his pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory:
distress
What are the signs of hypoxia?
Cyanosis (blue or gray skin) and deterioration of the patient’s mental status
You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should:
reduce the volume of the ventilations.
Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator?
gasket
You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best option?
use a nasal cannula instead
Venturi masks are designed to mix oxygen with:
inhaled air
Which of the following oxygen cylinders would normally run out after 50 minutes when flowing at 10 liters per minute? Assume a pressure of 2,000 psi displayed on the pressure gauge.
E cylinder
The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called:
ventilation
A nonrebreather mask at 12 to 15 liters per minute will generally provide the patient what percentage of oxygen?
80-90
What two measurements are multiplied to calculate the minute volume?
Tidal volume and respiratory rate
While ventilating an intubated patient with a bag-valve-mask-unit, you notice increased resistance to the ventilations. This may indicate that:
air is escaping through a hole in the lung and filling the pleural space.
What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient?
Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, clammy skin, altered mental status
A ________ is not typically used in the prehospital setting for oxygen administration.
partial rebreather mask
Your patient is a motorcyclist who was ejected after striking a guard rail. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is breathing shallowly six to eight times per minute. Which of the following should you do first?
Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen.
Of the three types of oxygen flowmeters, which one can only be used upright?
Pressure-compensated flowmeter
The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute.
6
Why is inhalation described as an active process?
It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.
Which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume?
The lungs may not have adequate time to fill and exchange gas.
Which of the following is necessary to deliver oxygen to patients at a safe pressure?
regulator
The normal urge to breathe is stimulated by chemoreceptors that measure changing levels of what two gases?
O2 CO2
Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should:
apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.
The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi.
200
The paramedic is intubating a patient and asks you to assist by gently pressing your thumb and index finger to either side of the throat just over the patient’s Adam’s apple. As you press, you gently direct the throat upward and to the patient’s right. What is the purpose of this maneuver?
It pushes the patient’s vocal cords into the paramedic’s view.
