CH 24: Infectious Diseases and Sepsis Flashcards
Which of the following preventive measures is useful against all communicable diseases?
Standard Precautions
Which of the following best describes a difference between the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA)?
SIRS is used to predict the likelihood a patient will develop sepsis, whereas qSOFA is used to predict the likelihood of patient death from sepsis.
Which of the following statements about sepsis is true?
The exact pathway for the development of sepsis remains unclear, and most cases do not have a clearly defined source.
You have been called to the scene of an 83-year-old woman with a high fever who reports chills and shortness of breath. She is tachypneic and showing signs of pain upon inspiration. You talk with her a bit and she seems confused and unaware of where she is, who she is, or who you are. Based on this presentation, the patient likely has:
pneumonia
What is the most important thing you can do for a stable septic patient?
Notify the emergency department that the patient is septic.
Mumps infection is primarily spread through:
saliva and droplets.
Which of the following patients is at the lowest risk of developing sepsis?
A college-aged patient who breaks his arm in a skateboard crash
According to the signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which of the following infection patients has an increased risk of sepsis?
A patient with a temperature of 95.4degreesF and a respiratory rate of 28
You have been called to the scene of a single vehicle crash. The victim lost control of the vehicle on an icy road and hit a tree. He shows signs of facial injury with bleeding, but is conscious and aware of his surroundings. Before you begin providing care to him, he tells you that he has HIV and is currently taking medication that has helped suppress his viral load. Based on this information, which of the following actions should you take?
Take Standard Precautions while providing care for the patient.
Which of the following most accurately describes the pathophysiology of sepsis?
The body overreacts to an infection and secretes substances that hurt cells, tissues, and organs.
You are called to the scene of a 13-year-old male with a fever and cough. Upon assessment, you note a red blotch rash on the face and trunk, and small bluish-white spots on the inside of the cheeks. Based on this presentation, the patient likely has:
measles.
Which of the following statements about bacteria is false?
Bacteria need to be inside the body in order to reproduce.
What role do health care workers play in handling public crises related to newly recognized infectious diseases?
They implement the steps outlined by the CDC and other agencies to reduce the number of people who become infected.
Which of the following individuals is likely in the incubation period of chickenpox?
A patient who was exposed 6 days ago but does not yet have a fever or rash
You are called to the scene of a patient with influenza. She tells you her symptoms started about 5 days ago and that she began taking antiviral medication 2 days ago. Her symptoms have not improved since taking the medication. What is the most likely reason the medication has been ineffective?
Antiviral medications for the flu must be started within 2 days of symptom onset to be effective.
You have been called to the scene of a 19-year-old college student who is at his parents’ house for the weekend. The patient complains of sensitivity to light and nausea. He also has a headache and is covered in what appears to be a red rash that does not blanch when pressed. Your partner asks the patient to sit up straight and then bring his chin down to his chest. For which of the following diseases is your partner assessing this patient?
Meningitis
Why is Lyme disease not considered a communicable disease?
A person with the disease cannot pass it to other people.
While caring for a patient known to have hepatitis B, you are splattered across the face with blood. You were not wearing eye protection at the time and some of the blood got onto your eyeball. You have never received your hepatitis B vaccination. Which of the following postexposure actions would not lower your risk of developing hepatitis B?
Taking antiviral medication
According to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) system, which of the following criteria would not contribute to a patient’s likelihood of developing sepsis?
Heart rate of 87
Which of the following is the most important thing you can do when treating patients during a public crisis related to a newly recognized infectious disease?
Follow the recommendations of the CDC and your local health department.
