Ch 24: Pre Test Flashcards
For which disease would prevention efforts focus on proper hand hygiene and food-preparation techniques?
Hep A
What is the incubation period?
The time from exposure to a pathogen to development of first symptoms
For an infection of the skin to generalize to sepsis, what must there be?
A significant opening
The means by which a pathogen enters the body is its:
route
At a nursing home, there have been several recent cases of pneumococcal pneumonia. You learn from a resident of the home that visits there have sharply declined because of this. What do you say about this issue?
Close contact for long periods is usually required for the infection to spread to a healthy person.
A patient tells you that he has heard that receiving flu vaccinations can often be harmful and rarely works anyway, so they should be avoided. What do you tell him?
An influenza vaccination won’t always protect against every type of flu, but it rarely has adverse effects, and is often effective.
Which statement regarding using signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome as criteria for identifying patients with sepsis is true?
Trauma patients may present with two or more SIRS signs even without sepsis.
Your partner is reluctant to treat a patient he learns is infected with HIV. What do you do?
Remind him that healthcare providers can avoid infection with Standard Precautions.
A patient with HIV who is a teacher tells you he has faced protests from parents who are against his continuing to teach. He has been receiving treatment with antiviral medication for a long time. What do you tell him?
It’s likely that his medication has mostly suppressed the virus.
For how long is a patient with croup contagious?
During the incubation period and until 10 days after symptoms start
When the SARS outbreak occurred, what happened second?
National and international agencies worked diligently to discover the microbes that cause the disease.
What is a decubitus ulcer?
A pressure sore that results from staying in one position for too long
In a patient with a heart rate over 90, what other sign, using SIRS criteria, would urge you to give the ED a sepsis alert?
BP 80/50
A patient displays swelling of his parotid glands, which makes you suspect mumps. You ask this patient when the onset of swelling occurred, because if this patient is sick with mumps, he should avoid contact with other people for __________ after the appearance of the swelling.
5 days
Pertussis outbreaks have become more common in your state in recent years. If people express their concerns about this to you, what do you tell them?
The disease can be prevented by vaccination.
In a patient experiencing sepsis who has not progressed to septic shock, you would expect to see which of the following?
The ability to produce white blood cells may be limited or exhausted.
In sepsis, the body:
overreacts and secretes substances that hurt cells, tissues, and organs.
In an adult with a documented or suspected infection, there is a higher risk of sepsis if the patient has __________ signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
two or more
Which is not a Standard Precaution?
Maintain a 10-foot distance from infected persons.
Which patient, based on SIRS criteria, merits a sepsis alert?
AMS, T 103degreesF, P 100, R 28, and BP 88/58
Sepsis can develop when an infection:
spreads
Why are Standard Precautions necessary in addition to vaccinations to prevent the spread of disease?
Vaccinations don’t exist for every type of infection.
A patient with a compromised immune system is likely to have lowered:
resistance
When an antibiotic is __________, some bacteria can survive, and their offspring carry the ability to resist that antibiotic.
overused or used improperly
