Ch 6 Flashcards
Elevated body temperature
hyperthermia
physical contact with other objects can result in either a heat loss or heat gain
conductive heat exchange
occurs when a mass of either air or water moves around an individual
convection heat exchange
radiant heat from sunshine causes an increase in body temperature
radiation heat exchange
sweat glands in the skin allow water to be transported to the surface
Evaporation heat exchange
Heat loss through evaporation is severely impaired when the relative humidity reaches _____ percent and stop when the humidity reaches _______ percent
65% and 75%
what are the signs and symptoms for a person who is dehydrated
thirst dry mouth headache dizziness irritability lethargy excessive fatigue cramps
true or false
fluid intake should equal fluid loss
true
which are more effective for fluid replacement sport drinks or water
sport drinks
how many ounces of water should an athlete drink before exercise and how soon before exercise
17-20 ounces 2-3 hrs before exercise and then 7-10 ounces 20 min before exercise
gradual acclimatization should happen how many days before an event
7-10 days
true or false
each practice period should be broken down into 20 minutes of workout with 20 min of rest in shade
true
true or false
dark colored clothing or uniforms should be allowed and rubbersized suits should be used
false
a loss of how much weight indicates the athlete is severly dehydrated
greater than 2% and athlete should be held out of practice until normal body weight regains
match the WBGT with the color <78 78-82 82.1-86 86.1-89.9 >90
no flag black yellow green red
<78=no flag (normal activity)
78-82=green (pay attention to at-risk people)
82.1-86=yellow (limit tense exercise to 1hr, total outdoor activity to 2.5 hr)
86.1-89.9=red(stop outdoor practice and conditioning)
>90=black(cancel all outdoor activity)
a benign condition associated with a red, raised rash accomplained by sensations of prickling and tingling during sweating
heat rash (prickly heat)
associated with rapid physical fatigue during overexposure to heat it is usually caused by standing in heat for long periods. (peripheral vasodilation of superficial vessels, hypo-tension, or pooling of blood in extremities)
heat syncope
how are you supposed to treat heat syncope
quickly lay the athlete down in a cool area and elevate the lower extremities and replace fluid
extremely painful muscle spasms that occur most commonly in the calf and abdomen
heat cramp
this is a more moderate form of heat illness that occurs from environmental heat stress and physical exercise
exertional heat exhaustion
what are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion
dehydration pale skin profuse sweating stomach cramps nausea vomiting diarrhea headache diarrhea dizziness
what is the treatment for heat exhaustion
remove excess clothing and lie the athlete down with their legs elevated. cool them down until rectal temp has lowered to 101 degrees
the most severe form of heat illness and is induced by strenuous physical exercise and increased environmental heat stress. It is characterized by CNS abnormalities and potential tissue damage
exertional heatstroke
what is a person rectal temp who has exertional heatstroke
higher than 104
what is the treatment for a athlete with exertional heat stroke
get the athlete into a cool environment, strip off all clothing, and immerse the athlete in a cold water bath(35-58degree) Placing ice bags on their neck and over major arterial vessels (Transfer to hospital!!!)
true or false
with a exertional heatstroke patient you should cool down them and transfer them immediate
true
a syndrome characterized by sudden catabolic destruction of skeletal muscle accompanied by leakage of myoglobin and muscle enzymes
acute exertional rhabdomyolysis
what is the treatment for acute exertional rhabdomyolysis
refer the athlete to a physician immediately
death is imminent if the core temp drop between what temp
77-85 degrees
the skin appears very firm, with cold, painless areas that may peel or blister in 24-72 hours
frost nip
what is the treatment for frost nip
treated early by firm, sustained pressure of the hand (without rubbing), by blowing hot breath on area, or placing fingers in armpit
involves only the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the skin appears pale, hard, cold, and waxy
superficial frostbite
what is the treatment for superficial frostbite
place injured area in warm water (100-110 degrees)
a serious injury, indicating tissues that are frozen, requires immediate medical emergency
deep frostbite
what are the symptoms for acute mountain sickness
headache, nausea, vomitting, sleep disturbance, dyspnea
usually in conjunction with HAPE, is a life-threatening condition that can lead to coma or death( seen in altitudes above 9,000ft)
high altitude cerebral edema
this condition can cause enlarged spleen, which has been known to rupture at high altitudes
sickle cell trait reaction
explain SPF 6
indicates that an athlete can be exposed to ultraviolet light 6 times longer than without sunscreen before skin turns red
what is needed to be done with lightening
(flash to bang) count the number of seconds from lightening flash until the sound of thunder than divide by 5 to determine the distance
when the flash to bang is at or less than how many is there danger
at or less than 30
how many minutes should go by before activity resides
30 minutes
when is the ozone levels the lowest and highest at during the day
highest during the dawn, peak at mid-day, and lowest during later-afternoon rush hour
