Ch 19 Flashcards
what are the ankle movements that occur at the subtalar joint?
inversion, eversion, pronation, supination
what are the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle?
anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular,
what is the function of the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular
anterior talofibular=restrains anterior displacement of talus
calcaneofibular= restrains inversion of calcaneous
posterior talofibular= restrains posterior displacement of the talus
in external tibial torsion how is the tibia tubercule positioned?
lateral
in internal tibial torsion how is the tibia tubercule positioned?
medial
what is the anterior test used to determine?
injury of the anterior talofibular ligament
what does the talar tilt test
injury to the calcaneofibular ligament and possibly anterior/posterior talofibular ligament
what is kleigers test used for?
to test the deltoid ligament and for ankle syndesmosis
what is the weakest ligament in the ankle?
anterior talofibular ligament
what is a bimalleolar fracture( potts fracture)?
avulsion of the lateral malleolus and fracture of the medial malleolus
what ligament does dorsiflexion injure?
tibiofibular ligament
what are the ottawa ankle rules?
- inability to bare weight for 4 steps (2 on each foot)
- tenderness of the inferior or posterior pole of either malleolus including the distal 6 cm
- tenderness over the base of the 5th or navicular bone
what is the most common sprain
grade 1
what are the syndesmotic sprain include ( high ankle sprain)?
isolated injury to the distal tibiofemoral joint
what motion does high ankle sprains occur?
increased external rotation or forced dorsiflexion
what is osteochondritis disseacns (OCD)
can occur in the superior medial surface of the talar dome (one or several fragments of cartilage and its underlying subchondral bone are either partiall detached
where do achilles tendon ruptures usually occur?
2-6 inches proximal to its insertion into the calcaneous
what is tennis lag?
a rupture or tear of the muscular tenderness juncture of the gastroc and achilles tendon
where does the highest incidence of fibular and tibial fractures occur
fibular=middle 3rd
tibia=lower 3rd
what is volkmans contracture?
result of internal tension caused by hemorrhage and swelling within closed fiscal compartments which inhibit blood supply and results in muscle necchrosis
what are problems that can lead to medial tibial stres syndrome (MTSS)?
varus foot, tight heel cord, hypermobile, pronated foot, forefoot, supination
what are the four grades of MTSS?
grade 1=pain occurs after activity
grade 2= pain occurs before and after activity
grade 3= pain occurs before, during, and after activity
grade 4= activity is impossible
how long after compartment fasciotomy may patients return to activity?
2-4 months
what glides improve plantar flexion?
posterior tibial glides and anterior talar glides
what glides improve dorsiflexion?
anterior tibial glides and posterior talar glides
