Ch 19

Question 1

what are the ankle movements that occur at the subtalar joint?

Answer 1

inversion, eversion, pronation, supination

Question 2

what are the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle?

Answer 2

anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular,

Question 3

what is the function of the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular

Answer 3

anterior talofibular=restrains anterior displacement of talus
calcaneofibular= restrains inversion of calcaneous
posterior talofibular= restrains posterior displacement of the talus

Question 4

in external tibial torsion how is the tibia tubercule positioned?

Answer 4

lateral

Question 5

in internal tibial torsion how is the tibia tubercule positioned?

Answer 5

medial

Question 6

what is the anterior test used to determine?

Answer 6

injury of the anterior talofibular ligament

Question 7

what does the talar tilt test

Answer 7

injury to the calcaneofibular ligament and possibly anterior/posterior talofibular ligament

Question 8

what is kleigers test used for?

Answer 8

to test the deltoid ligament and for ankle syndesmosis

Question 9

what is the weakest ligament in the ankle?

Answer 9

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 10

what is a bimalleolar fracture( potts fracture)?

Answer 10

avulsion of the lateral malleolus and fracture of the medial malleolus

Question 11

what ligament does dorsiflexion injure?

Answer 11

tibiofibular ligament

Question 12

what are the ottawa ankle rules?

Answer 12

• inability to bare weight for 4 steps (2 on each foot)
• tenderness of the inferior or posterior pole of either malleolus including the distal 6 cm
• tenderness over the base of the 5th or navicular bone

Question 13

what is the most common sprain

Answer 13

grade 1

Question 14

what are the syndesmotic sprain include ( high ankle sprain)?

Answer 14

isolated injury to the distal tibiofemoral joint

Question 15

what motion does high ankle sprains occur?

Answer 15

increased external rotation or forced dorsiflexion

Question 16

what is osteochondritis disseacns (OCD)

Answer 16

can occur in the superior medial surface of the talar dome (one or several fragments of cartilage and its underlying subchondral bone are either partiall detached

Question 17

where do achilles tendon ruptures usually occur?

Answer 17

2-6 inches proximal to its insertion into the calcaneous

Question 18

what is tennis lag?

Answer 18

a rupture or tear of the muscular tenderness juncture of the gastroc and achilles tendon

Question 19

where does the highest incidence of fibular and tibial fractures occur

Answer 19

fibular=middle 3rd

tibia=lower 3rd

Question 20

what is volkmans contracture?

Answer 20

result of internal tension caused by hemorrhage and swelling within closed fiscal compartments which inhibit blood supply and results in muscle necchrosis

Question 21

what are problems that can lead to medial tibial stres syndrome (MTSS)?

Answer 21

varus foot, tight heel cord, hypermobile, pronated foot, forefoot, supination

Question 22

what are the four grades of MTSS?

Answer 22

grade 1=pain occurs after activity
grade 2= pain occurs before and after activity
grade 3= pain occurs before, during, and after activity
grade 4= activity is impossible

Question 23

how long after compartment fasciotomy may patients return to activity?

Answer 23

2-4 months

Question 24

what glides improve plantar flexion?

Answer 24

posterior tibial glides and anterior talar glides

Question 25

what glides improve dorsiflexion?

Answer 25

anterior tibial glides and posterior talar glides