Ch 21 Flashcards
what is the longest and strongest bone in the body?
femur
what is a grade 1 quad contusion consist of?
a superficial intramuscular bruise that produces mild hemorrhage, little pain, no swelling and mild point tenderness
there’s no restriction of range of motion
what is a grade 2 quad contusion consist of?
deeper then grade 1 and produces mild pain mild swelling point tenderness with the patient unable to flex more than 90 degrees
what is a grade 3 quad contusion consist of?
moderate pain, swelling, range of motion flexion that is 90-45degrees with obvious limp
what is the management for a quad contusion?
the knee should be placed in flexion with ice pack to prevent shortening and NSAID can be given
how long after bone calcification can be seen in x-ray?
2-6 weeks
with femoral fractures how is the hip placed?
ER, slightly abducted,
what is a false pelvis?
it is composed of the wings of the illium
what is a true pelvis?
composed of the coccyx, ischium and pubis
what are the innominate bones?
three bones that osify and fuse early in life;include illium, pubis, and inschium
what is the strongest ligament in the body and what does it prevent?
illiofemoral ligament, hyperextension, ER, abduction prevents the pelvis during backward rolling
what is a pubofemoral ligament prevent?
abduction of the thigh
what is the ishiofemoral ligament prevent?
excessive internal rotation and adduction
true or false: posterior tilt of the pelvis can cause a decrease in lumbar lordosis?
true
at what plane does the pelvic rotate?
transverse
what is the Kendalls test?
patient lies supine on the table with one knee flexed on the chest an the back completely flat, the other knee is flexed over the tables end
-tight hip flexors are revealed by inability of the thigh to lie flat on the table, if only the rectus femoris is tight the thigh will touch the table the knee will be extended
what is the patricks test and the FABER’s test for?
to test pathological conditions of the hip and sacral illiac joint
what tests are used to detect TFL and IT band tightness?
nobel’s test and Ober’s test and rennes test
what population is trochanteric bursitis commonly seen in?
female runners who have increased Q angle or leg length discrepancy
how are hip joint sprains best revealed?
patient inability to circumduct the thigh
what is the common displacement of a dislocated hip?
what nerve is involved?
posterior to the acetabulum with the femoral shaft abducts and flexes, interior rotated thigh
-scyatic nerve
with piriformis syndrome what does the patient complain about?
deep pain in buttocks without low back pain and possibly radiating pain in the low back of the thigh, calf, and foot
what is legg-calve-perthes disease and what population is it seen in?
a disease is avascular necrosis of the femoral head , it occurs in children from 4-10 (boys)
what is slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
found mostly in boys between the age of 10-17 who are tall and thin or obese, x-ray shows femoral head slippage posterior and inferior
what are the limitations of legg-calve-perthes disease and slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
abduction, flexion, medial rotation with a limp
true or flase: with snapping hip extraarticular causes commonly occur when the hip is externally rotated and flexed?
true
true or false: running downhill decreases lumbar lordosis and running uphill increases it?
false, it is the opposite
with athletic publagia what motion increases pain?
hip flexion, IR, and abdominal muscle contraction
what is the treatment for athletic publagia?
after 1 week stretch the hip flexors, adductors, hamstrings, and lower back muscles
at 2 weeks strengthen abs, hip adductors and flexors
3-4 weeks running can begin, followed by tolerating jumping and kicking
in what sports are pelvic floor dysfunction seen in?
gymnastics, track and field, and jumping sports
where are stress fractures of the pelvic seen?
inferior pubic ramus and femoral neck
what are the 3 most common sites for a avulsion fractures and apophysitis in the pelvic region?
ischial tuberosity and the hamstring attachment, AIIS and the rectus femorus and the attachment, the ASIS where the sartorius attaches
what are the key muscles in the core to strengthen?
psoas, glute med, glute max, and hamstring
