Ch 20

Question 1

True or False: Is the knee a true hinge joint?

Answer 1

False

Question 2

what is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

Answer 2

patella

Question 3

which is wider the medial or lateral aspect of the patella ?

Answer 3

lateral

Question 4

explain the vascular supply of the meniscus

Answer 4

peripheral/outer = good supply
red white zone/middle 1/3=minimal blood supply
white-white zone/inner 1/3=a vascular

Question 5

which is stronger the PCL or ACL?

Answer 5

PCL

Question 6

what is the purpose of the MCL?

Answer 6

to prevent valgus and ER forces

Question 7

where is gerdy’s tubercle located?

Answer 7

lateral tibial tubercle

Question 8

what is the largest fat pad in the knee?

Answer 8

infrapatellar

Question 9

what is the “screw home” mechanism?

Answer 9

as a knee extends the tibia externally rotates

Question 10

at what degree is the patella most prominent?

Answer 10

30 degrees

Question 11

patients who walk toe out may have _____

Answer 11

external rotated hip/ retroversion

Question 12

an angle measuring more or less than ____ is a sign of tibial torsion

Answer 12

15 degrees

Question 13

internal rotation at the hip is caused by what?

Answer 13

weak external rotator muscles or foot pronation

Question 14

hyper extension of the knee may result in what?

Answer 14

IR of the femur and ER of the tibia

Question 15

hyper extended knees commonly occur as a compensation for what?

Answer 15

lordosis/swayback

Question 16

how is true anatomical leg length measured?

Answer 16

from ASIS to lateral malleolus

Question 17

how is function leg length measured?

Answer 17

from umbilicus to medial malleolus

Question 18

at what degree does the knee need to be to test the MCL and posteromedial capsule

Answer 18

full extension

Question 19

at what degree does the knee need to be to test the MCL

Answer 19

30 degrees flexions

Question 20

what test distinguishes collateral ligamentous tears from capsular and meniscal tears

Answer 20

apleys distraction

Question 21

what does the pivot shift test and Jerk test of hughston test?

Answer 21

to deteremine anterolateral rotary instability

Question 22

what are the three test used to determine a mensical lesion

Answer 22

McMurray’s, Apleys, and Thessalys test

Question 23

how is a medial and lateral meniscal lesion determined?

Answer 23

medial is shown with ER of lower leg

lateral is shown with IR of lower leg

Question 24

what are the five sites of girth measurement of the lower leg

Answer 24

• 8 to 10 cm above joint line
• 2 cm above patella
• joint line
• tibial tubercule
• belly of gastroc

Question 25

what is the normal q angle for males and females

Answer 25

males=10 degrees | females= 15 degrees

Question 26

what are the four verbal cues used during knee balance exercise

Answer 26

- soft knees - load hips - quiet sound - toe-to-heel

Question 27

true or false | the change from few long spikes to many short spikes has reduced knee injuries

Answer 27

true

Question 28

MCL sprians result from what?

Answer 28

adduction and IR

Question 29

what is the force required to tear the LCL?

Answer 29

varus often with tibia IR

Question 30

an injury that occurs to the peroneal nerve can result to what?

Answer 30

temporary or permanent palsy

Question 31

non contact mechanism approximately ____ more likely to cause an ACL injury

Answer 31

80%

Question 32

true or false: most typically the athlete is decelerating form a ump or forward running when an ACL injury occurs?

Answer 32

true

Question 33

anterior lateral rotary instability may involve what?

Answer 33

anterolateral joint capsule, LCL, and possibly the PCL and structures and the posterolateral corner

Question 34

anterior medial rotary instability usually involves what?

Answer 34

anteromedial capsule, MCL, and possibly the PCL and posteromedial corner

Question 35

when does the PCL have most risk?

Answer 35

when it is flexed at 90 degrees and foot plantar flexion

Question 36

true or false: PCL injury has also been referred to as dash-board injury?

Answer 36

true

Question 37

which meniscus has a higher incidence of injury, medial or lateral?

Answer 37

medial

Question 38

what do osteochondral fractures typically result from? | What population does this typically occur in?

Answer 38

- either rotation or direct trauma that compresses the articular cartilage between the medial or lateral femoral condyles in the tibial plateau - children

Question 39

what is osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)?

Answer 39

a painful condition involving partial or complete separation of a piece of articualr cartilage and subchondral bone and occurs primariyl in the lateral portion of the medial femoral chondyle

Question 40

what is a baker cyst assocaited with?

Answer 40

semimembranosus bursa and occurs under the medial head of the gastroc

Question 41

what is larsen-johansson diesease? | what population is this commonly seen in?

Answer 41

- similar to osgood-schlatter disease but occurs in the inferior pole of the patella - immature adolescents

Question 42

what is osgood-schlatter disease? | what pipulation is this commonly seen in?

Answer 42

- an apophysitis characterized by pain at the attachment of the patellar tendon to the tibial tubercle . this condition most often represents an avulsion fracture of the tibial tubercle - immature adolescents

Question 43

what is the order for muscle strength thining of the knee?

Answer 43

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic, plyometric

Question 44

for an athlete to return to play from a knee injury what percentage of the injured knee must equal the uninjured knee

Answer 44

90%