Ch 20 Flashcards
True or False: Is the knee a true hinge joint?
False
what is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
patella
which is wider the medial or lateral aspect of the patella ?
lateral
explain the vascular supply of the meniscus
peripheral/outer = good supply
red white zone/middle 1/3=minimal blood supply
white-white zone/inner 1/3=a vascular
which is stronger the PCL or ACL?
PCL
what is the purpose of the MCL?
to prevent valgus and ER forces
where is gerdy’s tubercle located?
lateral tibial tubercle
what is the largest fat pad in the knee?
infrapatellar
what is the “screw home” mechanism?
as a knee extends the tibia externally rotates
at what degree is the patella most prominent?
30 degrees
patients who walk toe out may have _____
external rotated hip/ retroversion
an angle measuring more or less than ____ is a sign of tibial torsion
15 degrees
internal rotation at the hip is caused by what?
weak external rotator muscles or foot pronation
hyper extension of the knee may result in what?
IR of the femur and ER of the tibia
hyper extended knees commonly occur as a compensation for what?
lordosis/swayback
how is true anatomical leg length measured?
from ASIS to lateral malleolus
how is function leg length measured?
from umbilicus to medial malleolus
at what degree does the knee need to be to test the MCL and posteromedial capsule
full extension
at what degree does the knee need to be to test the MCL
30 degrees flexions
what test distinguishes collateral ligamentous tears from capsular and meniscal tears
apleys distraction
what does the pivot shift test and Jerk test of hughston test?
to deteremine anterolateral rotary instability
what are the three test used to determine a mensical lesion
McMurray’s, Apleys, and Thessalys test
how is a medial and lateral meniscal lesion determined?
medial is shown with ER of lower leg
lateral is shown with IR of lower leg
what are the five sites of girth measurement of the lower leg
- 8 to 10 cm above joint line
- 2 cm above patella
- joint line
- tibial tubercule
- belly of gastroc
what is the normal q angle for males and females
males=10 degrees
females= 15 degrees
what are the four verbal cues used during knee balance exercise
- soft knees
- load hips
- quiet sound
- toe-to-heel
true or false
the change from few long spikes to many short spikes has reduced knee injuries
true
MCL sprians result from what?
adduction and IR
what is the force required to tear the LCL?
varus often with tibia IR
an injury that occurs to the peroneal nerve can result to what?
temporary or permanent palsy
non contact mechanism approximately ____ more likely to cause an ACL injury
80%
true or false: most typically the athlete is decelerating form a ump or forward running when an ACL injury occurs?
true
anterior lateral rotary instability may involve what?
anterolateral joint capsule, LCL, and possibly the PCL and structures and the posterolateral corner
anterior medial rotary instability usually involves what?
anteromedial capsule, MCL, and possibly the PCL and posteromedial corner
when does the PCL have most risk?
when it is flexed at 90 degrees and foot plantar flexion
true or false: PCL injury has also been referred to as dash-board injury?
true
which meniscus has a higher incidence of injury, medial or lateral?
medial
what do osteochondral fractures typically result from?
What population does this typically occur in?
- either rotation or direct trauma that compresses the articular cartilage between the medial or lateral femoral condyles in the tibial plateau
- children
what is osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)?
a painful condition involving partial or complete separation of a piece of articualr cartilage and subchondral bone and occurs primariyl in the lateral portion of the medial femoral chondyle
what is a baker cyst assocaited with?
semimembranosus bursa and occurs under the medial head of the gastroc
what is larsen-johansson diesease?
what population is this commonly seen in?
- similar to osgood-schlatter disease but occurs in the inferior pole of the patella
- immature adolescents
what is osgood-schlatter disease?
what pipulation is this commonly seen in?
- an apophysitis characterized by pain at the attachment of the patellar tendon to the tibial tubercle . this condition most often represents an avulsion fracture of the tibial tubercle
- immature adolescents
what is the order for muscle strength thining of the knee?
isometric, isotonic, isokinetic, plyometric
for an athlete to return to play from a knee injury what percentage of the injured knee must equal the uninjured knee
90%
