Ch 22 Flashcards
what are the four major articulations of the shoulder?
sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, and the scapulothoracic joint
what articulates what with the sternoclavicular joint?
the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum
what articulates what with the acromioclavicular joint?
the lateral end of the clavicle with the acromion process
what articulates what with the glenohumeral joint?
round head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
which shoulder joint is not a true joint?
scapulothoracic joint
what does the anterior sternoclavicular joint prevent?
upward displacement of the clavicle
this ligament produces a major restraint in shoulder flexion, extension, and rotation
GH ligament
what are the SITS/rotator cuff muscles?
subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor
where is the subacromial bursa located?
between the coracoacromial arch and the GH capsule and reinforced by the supraspinous tendon
which muscle compressed the humeral head into the glenoid and which muscles co contract allowing depression in the humeral head during overhead movements?
supraspinatus compressed the humeral head and the rest of the SITS muscles do the rest
as the humerus elevates __ degrees there’s no movement of the scapula
30 degrees
for the scapula to abduct and upwardly rotate throughout 180 degrees of humeral abduction clavicular movement must appear at which joints?
SC and AC joint
what are the tests for GH instability?
load and shift test, sulcus sign, the clunk test, O’briens test, apprehension test, and relocation test
what test may indicates the presence of the glenoid labrum tear?
clunk test
what test may indicate an anterior, posterior tear in the superior glenoid labrum (aka SLAP lesion)?
O’briens test
what does SLAP stand for?
superior labrum anterior posterior
with what range of motion will the patient with the SLAP lesion have difficulty with?
humerus is IR but decreases with ER and there is clicking with GH joint
which test is for shoulder impingement?
Neer’s test and hawkins-kennedy test
which test is for suprasinatus muscle weakness?
drop arm test and empty can test
what test is for bicep tendon irritation?
yergason’s test, speed’s test, and ludington’s test
how can you test for serratus anterior muscle weakness?
have the patient perform a push up against the wall
what test is for thoracic outlet syndrome?
Adson’s test, Allen’s test and military brace position test
how is Adson’s test performed?
patient is seated, radial pulse is taken with the arm extended, patient elevates their chin and turns their face towards extended hand and holds breath
how is Allen’s test performed?
same as Adson’s but the patient looks away from hand
where do majority of clavicular fractures occur?
middle 3rd of the clavicle
where do SC sprains occur?
medial end of the clavicle and can be displaced upward and forward slightly anterior
the clavicle is displaced in which direction and may result in life or death situation?
posterior
what are the different grades for acromioclavicular sprains?
Grade 1 = AC sprain
Grade 2= AC tear
Grade 3= CC tear
Grade 4= AC tear and CC tear and posterior separation
Grade 5= AC tear and CC tear and superior separation
Grade 6= AC tear and CC tear
what is the most common dislocation/subluxation of the shoulder?
anterior
a detached labrum and capsule can produce a permanent anterior defect on the labrum called?
Bankart lesion
the posterior lateral aspect of the humeral head is referred to as?
Hill-Sachs lesion
what is the cause of a Hill Sachs lesion?
compression of the cancellous bone of the head of the humerus against the anterior glenoid rim that creates a divot in the humeral head
shoulder impingement involves a mechanical compression of what musculature?
supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, and the long head of the biceps tendon
what is ERG?
significantly increased GH of ER.
what is GIRD?
GH IR deficit
what is the term SICK scapula?
inferior medial scapular winging coracoid tenderness and kinesis abnormalities of the scapula
with scapular dyskinesis what muscle should be strengthened and which should be stretched?
stretch the posterior shoulder capsule, pec minor, coracobrachialis and short head of the biceps
strengthen scapular stabilizers
_____ involves a contracted and thickened joint capsule that is tight around the humeral head with little synovial fluid
adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)
throacic outlet compression syndrome involves what?
brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and subclavian vein
what are the 5 phases of throwing?
wind up cocking acceleration decceleration follow through
