Ch 22

Question 1

what are the four major articulations of the shoulder?

Answer 1

sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, and the scapulothoracic joint

Question 2

what articulates what with the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 2

the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

Question 3

what articulates what with the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 3

the lateral end of the clavicle with the acromion process

Question 4

what articulates what with the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 4

round head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Question 5

which shoulder joint is not a true joint?

Answer 5

scapulothoracic joint

Question 6

what does the anterior sternoclavicular joint prevent?

Answer 6

upward displacement of the clavicle

Question 7

this ligament produces a major restraint in shoulder flexion, extension, and rotation

Answer 7

GH ligament

Question 8

what are the SITS/rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 8

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor

Question 9

where is the subacromial bursa located?

Answer 9

between the coracoacromial arch and the GH capsule and reinforced by the supraspinous tendon

Question 10

which muscle compressed the humeral head into the glenoid and which muscles co contract allowing depression in the humeral head during overhead movements?

Answer 10

supraspinatus compressed the humeral head and the rest of the SITS muscles do the rest

Question 11

as the humerus elevates __ degrees there’s no movement of the scapula

Answer 11

30 degrees

Question 12

for the scapula to abduct and upwardly rotate throughout 180 degrees of humeral abduction clavicular movement must appear at which joints?

Answer 12

SC and AC joint

Question 13

what are the tests for GH instability?

Answer 13

load and shift test, sulcus sign, the clunk test, O’briens test, apprehension test, and relocation test

Question 14

what test may indicates the presence of the glenoid labrum tear?

Answer 14

clunk test

Question 15

what test may indicate an anterior, posterior tear in the superior glenoid labrum (aka SLAP lesion)?

Answer 15

O’briens test

Question 16

what does SLAP stand for?

Answer 16

superior labrum anterior posterior

Question 17

with what range of motion will the patient with the SLAP lesion have difficulty with?

Answer 17

humerus is IR but decreases with ER and there is clicking with GH joint

Question 18

which test is for shoulder impingement?

Answer 18

Neer’s test and hawkins-kennedy test

Question 19

which test is for suprasinatus muscle weakness?

Answer 19

drop arm test and empty can test

Question 20

what test is for bicep tendon irritation?

Answer 20

yergason’s test, speed’s test, and ludington’s test

Question 21

how can you test for serratus anterior muscle weakness?

Answer 21

have the patient perform a push up against the wall

Question 22

what test is for thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 22

Adson’s test, Allen’s test and military brace position test

Question 23

how is Adson’s test performed?

Answer 23

patient is seated, radial pulse is taken with the arm extended, patient elevates their chin and turns their face towards extended hand and holds breath

Question 24

how is Allen’s test performed?

Answer 24

same as Adson’s but the patient looks away from hand

Question 25

where do majority of clavicular fractures occur?

Answer 25

middle 3rd of the clavicle

Question 26

where do SC sprains occur?

Answer 26

medial end of the clavicle and can be displaced upward and forward slightly anterior

Question 27

the clavicle is displaced in which direction and may result in life or death situation?

Answer 27

posterior

Question 28

what are the different grades for acromioclavicular sprains?

Answer 28

Grade 1 = AC sprain
Grade 2= AC tear
Grade 3= CC tear
Grade 4= AC tear and CC tear and posterior separation
Grade 5= AC tear and CC tear and superior separation
Grade 6= AC tear and CC tear

Question 29

what is the most common dislocation/subluxation of the shoulder?

Answer 29

anterior

Question 30

a detached labrum and capsule can produce a permanent anterior defect on the labrum called?

Answer 30

Bankart lesion

Question 31

the posterior lateral aspect of the humeral head is referred to as?

Answer 31

Hill-Sachs lesion

Question 32

what is the cause of a Hill Sachs lesion?

Answer 32

compression of the cancellous bone of the head of the humerus against the anterior glenoid rim that creates a divot in the humeral head

Question 33

shoulder impingement involves a mechanical compression of what musculature?

Answer 33

supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, and the long head of the biceps tendon

Question 34

what is ERG?

Answer 34

significantly increased GH of ER.

Question 35

what is GIRD?

Answer 35

GH IR deficit

Question 36

what is the term SICK scapula?

Answer 36

inferior medial scapular winging coracoid tenderness and kinesis abnormalities of the scapula

Question 37

with scapular dyskinesis what muscle should be strengthened and which should be stretched?

Answer 37

stretch the posterior shoulder capsule, pec minor, coracobrachialis and short head of the biceps
strengthen scapular stabilizers

Question 38

_____ involves a contracted and thickened joint capsule that is tight around the humeral head with little synovial fluid

Answer 38

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Question 39

throacic outlet compression syndrome involves what?

Answer 39

brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and subclavian vein

Question 40

what are the 5 phases of throwing?

Answer 40

wind up
cocking
acceleration
decceleration
follow through