Ch. 5 Using Drugs Therapeutically

Question 1

receptors

Answer 1

protein molecules located on the cell membranes of every cell

Question 2

agonist drug

Answer 2

a drug that is able to unlock and activate a receptor and produce an effect
ex: a key unlocks and activates the receptor

Question 3

antagonist drug

Answer 3

AKA blocker drugs
drugs binding to a receptor, but cannot actually unlock and activate the receptor to produce an effect
ex: a key that blocks receptor but cannot activate

Question 4

pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

the mechanism of action by which drugs produce their effects (desire or undesired), based on time and dose

Question 5

pharmaotherapy

Answer 5

the knowledge and use of drugs to produce a therapeutic effect in the body

Question 6

local drug effect

Answer 6

limited to the site of administration and to those tissues immediately surrounding the site

Question 7

systemic drug effect

Answer 7

one that is felt throughout the body; drugs taken orally

Question 8

therapeutic effect

Answer 8

main reason for which the drug was prescribed by the physician or other healthcare provider. it’s intended to prevent disease, to diagnose a disease, or to treat disease by preventing, controlling, improving, or curing the symptoms of the disease. towards specific area of body.

Question 9

side effects

Answer 9

drug effects other than the therapeutic effect. it can mild and temporary, moderate and annoying, or severe enough that the patient must stop taking the drug.

Question 10

adverse effect/adverse drug reaction (ADR)

Answer 10

a severe side effect.

recorded during the clinical trials of a drug.

Question 11

toxic effect

Answer 11

results when the blood level of a drug rises above the the therapeutic level to a higher level that is toxic

Question 12

paradoxical effect

Answer 12

one in which a drug that normally produces a specific therapeutic effect actually produces the opposite effect in certain patients.

Question 13

allergic reaction

Answer 13

type of side effect, but one that has a seopcific underlying cause: the release of histamine that occurs even when a drug is a therapeutic level.
occurs when body’s immune system identifies a foreign substance (antigen) and send antibodies to combine with the foreign substance.

Question 14

anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock

Answer 14

a drug can cause any degree of an allergic reaction in a hypersensitive person. most severe symptom.

Question 15

pharmacogenetics

Answer 15

the study of how the genetic makeup of different people affects their response to certain drugs.

Question 16

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 16

not a side effect and is not an allergic reaction. its an individual’s unique reaction to a drug, and it differs from side effects commonly associated with that drug
ex: malignant hyperthermia (uncontrolled elevated body temperature)

Question 17

polypharmacy

Answer 17

patients taking more than one drug on a daily basis

Question 18

synergism

Answer 18

when two drugs interact to produce an effect that is greater than the independent effect of each drug.
beneficial or undesirable

Question 19

antagonism

Answer 19

another type of drug-drug interaction.

occurs when two drugs combine to produce an effect that is less than the intended effect for either drug

Question 20

noncompliance

Answer 20

condition in which the patient is unwilling or unable to comply with taking a drug in accordance witht he prescribed dose or frequency

Question 21

Abbreviation

a.c.
ad lib.
b.i.d.
-c
h.s
p.c.
p.r.n.
q.d.
q.h.
q.h.s.
q.i.d.
q.o.d.
-s
t.i.d

Answer 21

Latin Phrase Medical Meaning

ante cibum - before meals
ad libitum - as needed
bis in die - twice a day
cum - with
hora somni - at bedtime (hour of sleep)
post cibum - after meals
pro re nata - as needed
quaque die - every day
quaque hora - every hour
quaque hora somni - at bedtime (hour of sleep)
quater in die - four times aday
(informal usage) - every other day
sine - without
ter in dies - three times a day