Ch. 10/19 Respiratory, Ear, Nose & Throat Drugs Flashcards
Bronchodilator Drugs
relaxes the smooth muscle layer around the bronchioles, allowing them to dilate, which increases air flow to the lungs.
Prevent or treat asthma and bronchospasm, COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema.
Beta-Agonist Bronchodilator Drugs
stimulate beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchioles by mimicking the action that epinephrine has on these same receptors. therapeutic effect causes bronchioles to dilate and increase air flow.
AKA sympathomimetic bronchodilater drugs
Beta-Agonist Drug List
albuterol (Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA)
formoterol (Foradil Aerolizer)
salmeterol (Serebent Diskus)
-terol
common generic beta-agonist bronchodilator drugs
Xanthine Bronchodilator Drugs
relaxes smooth muscle around the bronchioles (exact mechanism is unknown); also stimulate the respiratory center in the brain
Xanthine Drug List
aminophylline
theophylline (Elixophyllin)
-phylline
common generic xanthine bronchodilator drugs
Antiocholinergic Bronchodilator Drug
block the action of acetylcholine on muscarine receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchioles. causes bronchioles to relax and dilate.
Anticholinergic Drug List
tiotropium (Spiriva)
-tropium
common generic antiocholinergic bronchodilator drugs
Corticosteroid Drugs
cortisol hormone is produced by the cortex of adrenal glands.
CD mimics the action of natural cortisol and are used to reduce inflammation and edema associated with asthma and other chronic lung disease.
prevent asthma attacks
Corticosteroid Drug List
fluticasone (Flovent)
budesonide
combo
Symbicort (formoterol, budesonide)
Advair (fluticasone and selmeterol)
- methasone, -metasone
- solide, -solone, -sonide
common generic corticosteroid drugs
Leukotriene Formation Inhibitor Drugs
Leukotriene Receptor Blocker Drugs
used to prevent and treat asthma, but are not used for other respiratory disease.
Leukotriene, a substance that is produced by body in response to inhaled antigens.
Leukotrient Drug List
montelukast (Singulair)
-lukast
common generic leukotriene receptor blocker drugs
Expectorant Drugs
used to treat disease of the lungs that produce excessive amounts of mucus. reduces the viscosity or thickness of mucus.
Expectorant Drug List
guaifenesin (Humibid, Mucinex, Naldecon, Robitussin)
dextromethorphan
Tuberculosis (TB)
caused by the bacterium Myobacterium tuberculosis, a gram-positive bacterium.
Tuberculosis Drug List
rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane)
streptomycin
Nicotine Drugs
provide a gradual withdrawal from nicotine, which diminishes the craving and helps people to successful stop smoking.
Nicotine Drug List
Nicorette
Nicotine Antagonist Drug
bind to nicotine receptors and block them from being activated by inhaled nicotine
Nicotine Antagonist Drug List
varenicline (Chantix)
bupropion (Zyban)
asthma
reversible obstructive airway disease
Mast Cell Stabilizer Drug
stabilizes cell membranes of mast cells to prevent them from releasing histamine during the immune system’s response to an antigen
cromolyn (Intal)
Decongestant Drugs
act as vasoconstrictors to reduce blood flow to mucous membranes in the nose, sinuses, and throat.
stimulate alpha receptors in smooth muscle around the blood vessels.
Decongestant Drug List
pseudoephedrine (Dimetapp, Sudafed, Triaminic)
-ephedrine, -ephrine, -zoline
common to generic decongestant drugs
Antihistamine Drugs
exerts therapeutic effect by blocking the action of histamine at histamine (h1) receptors in the mucous membranes of the nose and throat
Antihistamine Drug List
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) fexofenadine (Allegra) desloratadine (Clarinex) cetirizine (Zyrtec) loratadine (Claritin)
bronchitis
Inflammation in the bronchial tube/bronchus
allergic reaction; histamine
released from mast cells in the nose when antibodies in the tissues combine with inhaled pollen and form an antibody-antigen complex.
histamine causes vasodilation, and the mucous membranes become swollen and red.
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow.
Interferes with normal breathing and not fully reversible.
Emphysema
A condition in which air sacs of the kings are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
Antagonist
Muscle whose action counteracts that of anther specified muscle.
Agonist
Substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor.
Bronchoconstriction
Construction of the airways in the kings due to tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, weeding and shortness of breath
MDI
Metered Dose Inhaler
A device that delivers a measured amount of medication as a must the patient can inhale
