Ch. 20 Analgesic Drugs Flashcards
Salicylate Analgesic
over-the-counter drugs. 3 therapeutic effects: Analgesic Anti-Inflammatory Antipyrectic
Salicylate Drug List
aspirin (Bayer Aspirin, Ecotrin, Empirin)
diflunisal
magnesium salicylate (Doan’s)
salsalate (Salsitab)
Analgesic
provide relief from mild-to-moderate pain by inhibiting the release of prostaglandins from damaged tissue
Anti-Inflammatory
Decrease inflammation, also by inhibiting the release of prostaglandins from damaged tissue
Antipyrectic
reduce fever by acting on the hypothalamus to cause vasodilation and sweating. This increases heat loss from the skin and lowers an elevated body temperature.
Anticoagulant
(4th therapeutic effect that is unique and not shared by other salicylate drugs
Aspirin prolongs the clotting time of the blood by inhibiting thromboxane, a substance in blood that causes platelets to aggregate.
Nonsalicylate Analgesic
include acetaminophen and other drugs that relieve pain with a therapeutic effect that is different from that of the salicylate drug aspirin.
Acetaminophen
Tylenol
nonsalicylate drug that is not related to aspirin.
2 therapeutic effects;:
Analgesic - weakens enzyme COX-1 and COX-2
Antipyretic
Nonsalicylate Drug List
acetaminophen
clonidine (Duraclon)
zinconotide (Prialt)
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
NSAIDs
have an analgesic effect because they inhibit the production of prostaglandins.
treat mild-to-moderate pain and inflammation
Subcategory of COX-2 inhibitor drugs
NSAIDs List
celecoxib (Celebrex) diclofenac etodolac fenoprofen (Nalfon) ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB) indomethacin (Indocin) ketoprofen ketorolac meclofenamate mefenamic acid (Ponstel) meloxicam (Mobic) naproxen (Aleve,Anaprox, Naprosyn) oxaprozin (Daypro) piroxicam (Feldene) sulindac (Clinoril)
- profen
- coxib
- common to generic NAIDs
- common to generic COX-2 inhibitor drugs
esomeprzaole (Nexium)
lansoprazole (Prevacid)
proton inhibitor drugs decrease the amount of acid in the stomach and are used to treat ulcers caused by NSAIDs
Narcotic Analgesic Drugs
used to treat moderate-to-severe pain.
Narcotic means numbness. also produce sedation and a sense of heightened well-being (euphoria)
relieve pain by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and blocking pain impulses coming from nerves in the body
Narcotic Analgesic List
buprenorphine (Butrans) butorphanol (Stadol) codeine fentanyl (Abstral, Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora, Onsolis) hyrdocodone (Zohydro ER) hydromorphone (Dilaudid) levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran) meperidine (Demerol) methadone (Dolophine, Methadose) morphine (Astramorph, Duramorph, MS Contin) nalbuphine (Nubain) oxycodone (Oxecta, OxyContin) oxymorphone (Opana) pentazocine (Talwin) tapentadol (Nucynta) tramadol (Ultram)
Percodan (aspirin,oxycodone)
Schedule II, III drugs.
Vicodin (acetaminophen, hydrocodone)
Schedule II,III,IV, V drugs
Migraine Headache
a specific type of headache that has a sudden onset with severe, throbbing pain, often on just one side of head.
caused by a constriction of the arteries in the brain followed by a sudden dilation.
Serotinin Receptor Agonist Drug
antimigraine agents
a neurotransmitter that normally constricts the arteries in the brain
Serotinin Drug List
almotriptan (Axert) eletriptan (Relpax) frovatriptan (Frova) naratriptan (Amerge) rizatriptan (Maxalt) sumatriptan (Imitrex) zolmitriptan (Zomig)
-triptan
common to generic serotonin receptor agonist drugs
Ergotamine Drugs
antimigraine agents
constrict the arteries in the brain without significantly reducing blood flow.
Ergotamine Drug List
dihydroergotamine (Migranal)
ergotamine (Ergomar)
Beta-Blocker Drugs
block the effect of epinephrine and keep the arteries in the brain dilated to prevent the initial vasoconstriction that begins a migraine headache
Beta-Blocker Drug List
atenolol (Tenormin) metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol) nadolol (Corgard) propranolol (Inderal) timolol (Blocadren)
Calcium Channel Blocker Drug
block the movement of calcium ions through calcium channels in the cell membranes of smooth muscle around the arteries in the brain.
Calcium Channel Blocker Drug List
diltiazem (Cardizem)
verapamil (Calan, Covera-HS)
Antidepressant Drug List
amitrptyline doxepin (Sinequan) fluvoxamine (Luvox) imipramine (TRofranil) trazodone (Oleptro)
Acute pain
sudden and severe
Chronic pain
continuing for three months or longer
opiate drugs
drugs made from natural opium poppy plant
opioid drugs
made synthetically
