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Pharmacology > Ch. 11 Cardiovascular Drugs & Ch. 7 > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Cardiovascular Drugs & Ch. 7 Flashcards

1
Q

hypertension

A

characterized by an increase in the systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure

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2
Q

essential hypertension

A

a caused that has not been identified for hypertension

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3
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

an increased level of serum cholesterol

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4
Q

hypertriglyceridemia

A

an increased level of serum triglycerides

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5
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

includes both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia; its one of several well-defined risk factors for atherosclerosis that can cause a heart attack or a stroke

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6
Q

congestive heart failure

A

occurs when the heart muscle is weakened by disease or a structural defect and is unable to adequately pump blood

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7
Q

angina pectoris

A

pain occurs when cells of the heart muscle receive too little oxygenated blood; usually occurs in exercise or stress.
caused by plaques in the coronary arteries that occlude the flow of blood, by spasm of the coronary arteries, or by vasoconstriction of the arteries due to smoking

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8
Q

myocardial infarction

A

occurs when myocardial cell ischemia associated with angina pectoris is not treated

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9
Q

arrhythmias

A

caused by abnormalities in the movement of electrical impulses from the SA node through the rest of the conduction system of the heart

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10
Q

atrial flutter/fibrillation

A

very rapid contractions of the atria that are not coordinated with the ventricles.

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11
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

an extremely fast, but ineffective and uncoordinated, quivering of the heart

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12
Q

Diuretic Drugs

A

decreases the total blood volume, which lowers blood pressure by promoting the excretion of sodium and water in the urine

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13
Q

Alpha-1 Blocker Drugs

A

block alpha1 receptors, located in arteries and veins. blocking causes all blood vessels to dilate, and lowers blood pressure

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14
Q

Beta-Blocker drugs

A

block the action of epinephrine at all beta receptors to decrease the heart rate and dilate the blood vessels

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15
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker Drugs

A

block the movement of calcium ions through calcium channels in the cell membranes of the heart muscle cells and smooth muscle cells around the arteries

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16
Q

ACE Inhibitor Drugs

A

block an enzyme in the blood that converts angiotension I to angiotension II.

17
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

A

keep angiotensin II from binding to and activating receptors on the smooth muscle of the blood vessels

18
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Drugs

A

a enzyme involved in the production of cholesterol; blocks this enzyme

19
Q

Bradycardia

A

an abnormally slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per mintue.

20
Q

Tachycardia

A

an abnormally fast but regular heart rate of up to 200 beats per minute.treated with some of beta-blocker drugs and some calcium channel blocker druhs

21
Q

Arrhythmias

A

cause by abnormalities in the movement of electrical impulses from the SA node through the rest of the conduction system of the heart
Drugs to treat:
bradycardia, heart block, tachycardia, atrial flutter and fibrillation, or ventricular fibrillation

22
Q

Ischemia

A

an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles

23
Q

Thrombosis

A

local coagulation or clotting of the blood in a part of the circulatory system

24
Q

Niacin Drugs

A

decreases both VLDL and LDL levels

25
Q

Cholesterol

A

produced by liver, and a certain amount is needed by the body for the production of hormones and bile and as a component of the skin and of the myelin sheath around nerves

26
Q

Trglycerides

A

produces by the liver and are used to make subcutaneous fat to cushion and protect the body

27
Q

lipoproteins

A

cholesterol and trogycerides must bind to certain carrier molecules tobe transported through the blood

28
Q

LDL

A

low-density levels

29
Q

HDL

A

high-density levels

30
Q

Antilipemic/antilipdemic drug

A

Preventing or counteracting the accumulation of fatty substances in the blood

31
Q

electrolytes

A

positively or negatively charged molecules such as sodium and potassium

32
Q

Thiazide Diuretic drug

A

act at the nephron loop and at the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron of the kidney.
sometimes called potassium-wasting diuretic drugs

33
Q

Loop diuretic drugs

A

act at the proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule

34
Q

Potassium-sparing diuretic drugs

A

help potassium be reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule and nephron loop back into the blood

35
Q

Combination diuretic drugs

A

combine a thiazide diuretic drug with a potassium-sparing diuretic drug

36
Q

heparin

A

a compound occurring in the liver and other tissues that inhibits blood coagulation

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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