Ch. 4 Routes of Admin & Drug Cycle

Question 1

Routes of Administration

Answer 1

route by which drug is given.

Question 2

topical route

Answer 2

when a drug is applied directly to the skin or to the eyes or ears
topical: pertaining to a specific area
(antibiotic ointment or eye drops)

Question 3

transdermal route

Answer 3

the drug is applied to the skin, but the therapeutic effect is always felt systemically and not at the site of administration.
(patch)

Question 4

oral route

Answer 4

placing drug in the mouth and swallowing it

tablets, capsules and liquids

Question 5

sublingual route

Answer 5

placing drug under the tongue and allowing it to disintegrate slowly.

Question 6

buccal route

Answer 6

placing drug in the pocket between cheek and lower teeth on one side of the mouth and allowing it to disintegrate slowly.

Question 7

intranasal route

Answer 7

involves spraying a drug into the nasal cavity

Question 8

inhalation route

Answer 8

inhaling of a drug that is in liquid, powder, or gas form

Question 9

nasogastric route

Answer 9

one method that is used to administer drugs to patients who cannot take oral drugs. nasogastric tube is passed through the nose, through the esophagus, and into the stomach
pertaining to the nose and stomach
Abbreviation: NG

Question 10

gastrostomy // jejunostomy

Answer 10

administer drugs to patients who cannot take oral drugs using a surgically implanted feeding tube to deliver liquid drugs directly into the stomach

Question 11

vaginal route

Answer 11

used to treat vaginal infections by means of creams, ointments, and suppositories

Question 12

intravesical route

Answer 12

used to treat the pain and burning of inflammation and infection in the bladder

Question 13

rectal route

Answer 13

reserved for situations in which a patient is vomiting or unconscious and the drug cannot be orally or by injection.

Question 14

parenteral route

Answer 14

theoretically includes all routes of administration other than oral route. In actual clinical usage, parenteral administration commonly includes theses routes; intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous.

Question 15

intradermal route

Answer 15

involves using a syringe to inject a liquid drug into the dermis, the layer of the skin just below the epidermis or skin surface

Question 16

subcutaneous route

Answer 16

involves using a syringe to inject liquid drug into the subcutaneous tissue (the fatty layer of tissue just beneath the dermis off the skin but above the muscle layer

Question 17

intramuscular route

Answer 17

involves injection of a liquid drug into the belly of the muscle (area of greatest mass)

Question 18

intravenous route

Answer 18

involves injection of a liquid drug into a vein. it bypasses the step of absorption from the tissues or from the intestine

Question 19

central venous line

Answer 19

used continuously to administer intravenous fluids or drugs to critically ill patients or intermittently to administer chemotherapy drugs to patients with cancer.

Question 20

Endotracheal tube

Answer 20

administer drugs through an endotracheal tube inserted through the mouth into the trachea

Question 21

implantable port

Answer 21

special intravenous access device used to administer a chemotherapy drug to treat cancer. a thin metal or plastic reservoir that is placed in the patient’s subcutaneous tissue

Question 22

intra-arterial

Answer 22

administration of a chemotherapy drug directly into the area of a cancerous tumor
pertaining to within the artery

Question 23

intra-articular

Answer 23

used to administer a drug into a joint

pertaining to within a joint

Question 24

intracardiac

Answer 24

is only used during emergency resuscitation associated with cardiac arrest. route is used to administer a drug; a needle is inserted through the chest wall, between the ribs, and into one of the heart chambers.
pertaining to within the heart

Question 25

intrathecal and epideral

Answer 25

used to administer drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid that circulates around the spinal cord
pertaining to within the dura meter
and above the dura meter

Question 26

intraperitoneal

Answer 26

used to administer drugs or fluids into the abominal cavity

Question 27

umbilical artery or vein

Answer 27

accessible only in newborn infants before the umbilical cord has dried. used to administer intravenous fluids and draw blood. not used to give drugs

Question 28

absorption

Answer 28

involves movement of a drug from the site of administration through tissues and into the blood.

Question 29

distribution

Answer 29

as a drug enters the blood, some of the drug binds to circulating plasma proteins. these large molecules have indentations in their molecular surfaces that permit drug molecules to bind to them.

Question 30

metabolism

Answer 30

aka biotransformation.
drug is gradually transformed or metabolized from its original active form to a less active, or even inactive form. process is accomplished in the liver, the principal organ of metabolism, by the action of liver enzymes.

Question 31

excretion

Answer 31

a step in ridding the body of waist products and removing active drugs that not metabolized by the liver. principal organ of drug excretion is kidney.

Question 32

Abbreviation
A.D.
A.S.
A.U.
O.D.
O.S.
O.U.

Answer 32

Latin Meaning Medical Meaning
auris dextra right ear
auris sinistra left ear
auris unitas/uterque both ears // each ear
oculus dexter right eye
oculus sinister left eye
oculus unitas/uterque both eyes // each eye

Question 33

subQ, SQ, subcu

Answer 33

abbreviated for subcutaneous route

Question 34

IM

Answer 34

abbreviated for intramuscular route

Question 35

IV

Answer 35

abbreviated for intravenous

Question 36

p.o.

Answer 36

abbreviated for oral route

Question 37

NG

Answer 37

abbreviated for nasogastric route

Question 38

NPO

Answer 38

Latin for ‘nil per os’, meaning “nothing through the mouth”

patients who are not to receive drugs, fluids, or food by mouth.