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Pharmacology > Ch 48 Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation > Flashcards

Ch 48 Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during a blood vessel injury?

A
  • local vasoconstriction seals off small injury
  • platelet aggregation forms a platelet plug
  • hangman factor is activated
  • intrinsic pathway converts prothrombin to thrombin to seal system
    -extrinsic pathway clots the blood that has leaked out fo the vascular system
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2
Q

what is a platelet?

A

a tiny disc shaped piece of cell that is found in the blood and spleen; very large pieces of very large cells in the bone marrow called magakaryocytes

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3
Q

what is thromboembolic disorder?

A

conditions that predispose a person to the formation of clots and emboli

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4
Q

what is hemorrhagic disorder?

A

disorder in which excess bleeding occurs

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5
Q

what are adverse reactions in blood related medications?

A

increased bleeding, dizziness, bone marrow suppression, alopecia, dermatitis

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6
Q

what are examples of antiplatelet medication?

A

Aspirin

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7
Q

what is the action of anti platelet medication?

A

inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation by blocking receptor sites on the platelet membrane

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8
Q

what are the uses of aspirin?

A

anti platelet, analgesic, antipyretic, anti inflammatory, reduce risk of stroke and MI

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9
Q

What are adverse effects of anti platelet medications?

A

bleeding, headache, dizziness, weakness, GI upset

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10
Q

what should the nurse consider when giving anti platelet medication?

A

use cautiously in patients with a bleeding disorder, had recent surgery, or closed head injury

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11
Q

What are examples of anticoagulant medication?

A

Heparin, Warfarin (Coumadin)

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12
Q

what is the action of anticoagulant medication?

A

interfere with the normal clotting cascade

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13
Q

what do anticoagulant medications treat?

A

DVT, Pulmonary Embolism

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14
Q

what do anticoagulant medications prevent?

A

clots

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15
Q

what route do you give anticoagulant medication for prevention?

A

Sub-Q

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16
Q

what route do you give anticoagulant medication for treatment?

A

IV

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17
Q

what are the adverse effects of anticoagulant medications?

A

bleeding, bone marrow depression, hepatic dysfunction, painful erection, GI upset

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18
Q

What is the antidote for heparin?

A

Protamine Sulfate

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19
Q

what is the antidote for warfarin?

A

vitamin K

20
Q

what lab values are important when giving heparin?

A

aPPT
PPT

21
Q

what lab values are important when giving warfarin?

A

PT, INR

22
Q

what medications interact with heparin?

A

nitroglycerin

23
Q

what route do you give heparin?

A

IV, Sub-Q

24
Q

what route do you give warfarin?

A

oral

25
Q

what is aPPT (activated partial thromboplastin time) ?

A

a test of activated blood coagulation used to evaluate the clotting factors fo the intrinsic pathway

26
Q

what is PTT (partial thromboplastin time)?

A

a test used to measure the time taken for the blood clotting in order to diagnose bleeding problems

27
Q

what is the reference range for aPPT?

A

30-40 seconds

28
Q

what is the reference range for PTT?

A

60-70 seconds

29
Q

what is the normal range for PT (prothrombin time)?

A

11 to 13.5 seconds

30
Q

what is the normal INR range?

A

0.8 to 1.1 seconds

31
Q

what is the normal INR range on Warfarin?

A

2-3 seconds

32
Q

what is the normal INR range with a mechanical heart valve?

A

2.5-3.5 seconds

33
Q

If the INR is too high, what is the patient at risk for?

A

bleeding

34
Q

If the INR is too low, what is the patient at risk for?

A

blood clots

35
Q

what foods are high in vitamin K?

A

leafy green vegetables, kiwi, organ meats, cashews

36
Q

what is an example of a low molecular weight heparin?

A

Enoxaparin (lovenox)

37
Q

what is the action of low molecular weight heparin?

A

inhibit thrombus and clot formation by blocking factors Xa and Lia

38
Q

what is the benefit of a low molecular weight heparin?

A

do not greatly affect thrombin, clouting, or prothrombin times therefore causes fewer systemic adverse affects

39
Q

when is low molecular weight heparin used?

A

prevention of clots and emboli formation after surgeries or during bed rest

40
Q

what is the route and injection site of low molecular weight heparin?

A

sub-q in the love handles

41
Q

what are examples of thrombolytic agents?

A

Urokinase (abbokinase)
alteplase (activase)
reteplase (retevase)

42
Q

what is the medication ending for thrombolytic agents?

A

ASE

43
Q

what is the action of thrombolytic agents?

A

activates plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down fibrin and dissolves the clot

44
Q

what are thrombolytic agents used for?

A

thrombus from stroke, MI, PE ; does not prevent

45
Q

what are the adverse effects of thrombolytic agents?

A

bleeding, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension

46
Q

what should a nurse consider when giving thrombolytic agents?

A

do not give with hemorrhagic stroke, only ischemic
medication only works within a specific time frame

47
Q

what is the route for thrombolytic agents?

A

injections/IV

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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