Ch 47 Lipid Lowering Agents Flashcards
what is the function of low density lipoproteins?
transport cholesterol to the peripheral cells
what is the function of high density lipoproteins?
take cholesterol from the peripheral cells and transport it to the liver; protects against heart disease
what does the elevation of LDLs cause?
atherosclerotic plaque formation, increased risk for heart disease
What is considered the “good cholesterol”?
HDL
what is included in a lipid panel?
total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides
What causes hyperlipidemia?
excessive dietary intake of fats, genetic alterations in fat metabolism
what does high cholesterol lead to?
atherosclerosis, CAD, heart attack, stroke, hypertension
what are modifiable risk factors associated with high cholesterol?
gout, cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, high stress levels, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, untreated bacterial infections, treatment with tetracycline and fluororoentgenography
what are non modifiable risk factors?
genetics, age, gender
What are the actions of lipid lowering agents?
lower levels of cholesterol
lower levels of lipids
raise levels of HDL
prevent CAD
What are medication examples of Bile Acid Sequestrants (Resins)
Cholestyramine, Colestipol (Colestid), Colesevelam (WelChol)
What is the action of Bile Acid Sequestrants?
medication binds with bile acids in the intestines, an insoluble complex forms and is excreted in feces; the liver metabolizes cholesterol to increase production of bile acids which lowers the blood cholesterol levels
what does Bile Acid Sequestrants treat?
hypercholesterolemia, pruritus
Which type of cholesterol is affected with bile acid sequestrants?
LDL
what are adverse reactions of Bile Acid Sequestrants?
increased bleeding times, vitamin A and D deficiencies, CNS effects, GI irritation
What are the nursing considerations/teaching points of Bile Acid Sequestrants?
no not give to patients with complete biliary obstruction
bile acid sequestrants reduce the effectiveness of Digoxin, Warfarin, Thyroid Hormones, Thiazide Diuretics, and Corticosteroids
What is the medication ending of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
Statins
What are medication examples of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
pravastatin (Pravachol)
simvastatin (Zocor)
what is the action of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
HMG-CoA is an enzyme that is a catalyst during the manufacturing of cholesterol. These drugs block the enzyme, therefore blocking the synthesis of cholesterol.
What does HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors treat?
hyperlipidemia
high triglyceride levels
primary prevention of coronary events
What types of cholesterol do HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors affect?
lowers the LDL, raises the HDL
what are adverse reactions of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, CNS effects, GI irritationw
what is rhabdomyolysis?
break down muscle mass causing muscle weakness, soreness, and myopathy; shuts kidney’s down long term
What should a nurse consider when caring for a patient taking HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
do not give to anyone with active liver disease, caution in individuals with alcohol abuse tendencies, watch for signs of ascites/liver failure, report symptoms of muscle pain/weakness to HCP
