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Pharmacology > Ch 43 Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Ch 43 Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What determines blood pressure?

A

heart rate, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance

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2
Q

what are the factors that influence blood pressure?

A

baroreceptors and RAAS

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3
Q

What factors increase blood pressure?

A

psychological stress, exposure to high frequency noise, high salt diet, lack of rest, genetic predisposition

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4
Q

What happens when hypertension is left untreated?

A

CAD and cardiac death, stroke, renal failure, loss of vision

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5
Q

What are the hypertension risks leading to CAD?

A

heart muscle thickening, increased pressure generated by the muscle on contraction, increased workload

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6
Q

What causes hypotension?

A

the heart muscle is damaged and unable to pump efficiently, severe blood or fluid loss, extreme stress and the body’s levels of norepinephrine are depleted leaving the body unable to respond to stimuli to raise bp

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7
Q

What is the medication ending for ACE inhibitor

A

PRIL

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8
Q

How does an ACE inhibitor work?

A

blocks ACE from converting A1 to A2

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9
Q

What does an ACE inhibitor treat?

A

hypertension, congestive heart failure, DM Nephropathy

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10
Q

What are the adverse reactions of an ACE Inhibitor?

A

cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema

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11
Q

What should the nurse teach a patient taking an ACE inhibitor?

A

take on an empty stomach, NSAIDS reduce medication

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12
Q

what are the medication names of an ACE Inhibitor?

A

captopril (Capoten)
lisinopril (Zestril)

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13
Q

What is the medication ending of an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker?

A

SARTAN

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14
Q

How does ARB work?

A

bind with A2 receptors to block vasoconstriction and aldosterone release

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15
Q

what does an ARB treat?

A

hypertension, DM Nephropathy

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16
Q

What are the adverse affect of an ARB?

A

hypotensive effects, GI sensitivity

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17
Q

What should the nurse consider when caring for a patient taking an ARB?

A

use cautiously with hepatic or renal dysfunction, ARB decreases effectiveness of Phenobarbital, Cardizem decreased ARB’s effectiveness

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18
Q

What are the ARB medications?

A

losartan (Cozaar)
candesartan (Atacand)

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19
Q

What is the medication ending of an Alpha Blocker?

A

ZOSIN

20
Q

How does an Alpha Blocker work?

A

block alpha 1 or 2 in the heart

21
Q

what are the adverse effects of an Alpha Blocker?

A

Hypotension, edema, GI effects, CNS effects

22
Q

What does an Alpha Blocker treat?

A

hypertension, BPH

23
Q

What medication class does prazosin (Minipress) belong to?

A

Alpha Blocker

24
Q

What medication class is doxazosin (Cardura)?

A

Alpha Blocker

25
Q

What medication class is clonidine (Catapres) ?

A

Alpha Blocker

26
Q

What is the medication ending of a beta blocker?

A

OLOL, ALOL, ILOL

27
Q

How does a beta blocker work?

A

blocks beta cells in smooth muscle of heart

28
Q

what does a beta blocker treat?

A

hypertension, tachycardia, angina, reduce cardiac workload

29
Q

what are the adverse effects of a beta blocker?

A

bronchospasm, hyperglycemia, bradycardia, CNS effects, masks the symptoms of hypoglycemia

30
Q

What should a nurse consider when caring for a patient taking a beta blocker?

A

first dose effect, use cautiously in patients with asthma

31
Q

what are the beta blocker medications?

A

metopropolol (Lopressor), atenolol (Tenormin), timolol, labetalol, carvedilol

32
Q

what is the calcium channel blocker medication ending?

A

DIPINE

33
Q

how does a calcium channel blocker work?

A

inhibits Ca ions across cardiac muscle

34
Q

what does a calcium channel blocker treat?

A

hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, angina, decreases cardiac workload, promotes oxygenation

35
Q

what are the adverse effects of a calcium channel blocker?

A

headache, edema, heart block, CNS depression

36
Q

What should you teach a patient who takes a calcium channel blocker?

A

Do not take with grapefruit or its juice

37
Q

what are the Calcium Channel blocker medications?

A

nifedipine (Procardia), amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem), verapamil

38
Q

what are the vasodilator medications?

A

nirtoprusside, hydralazine

39
Q

how does a vasodilator work?

A

act on smooth muscle to create muscle relaxation

40
Q

what does a vasodilator treat?

A

hypertensive crisis

41
Q

what are the adverse reactions of a vasodilator?

A

related to changes in BP, GI upset, cyanide toxicity

42
Q

what should a nurse consider when caring for a patient taking a vasodilator?

A

use cautiously in patients with CAD, CHF, tachycardia, PVD, used for severe hypertension

43
Q

what are anti hypotensive agents?

A

adrenergics or vasopressors

44
Q

what are the adverse effects of vasopressors?

A

headache, tachycardia, hypertension

45
Q

what are examples of vasopressors?

A

midodrine, dobutamine, dopamine, epinephrine, levophed

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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