Ch. 45 and 46 Flashcards by Megan Tyler

methotrexate (MTX)

Folic Acid Antagonist

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pemetrexed

Folic Acid Antagonist

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palatrexate

Folic Acid Antagonist

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fludarabine

Purine antagonists

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mercaptopurine

Purine antagonists

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thioguanine

Purine antagonists

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cladribine

Purine antagonists

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pentostatin

Purine antagonists

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fluorouracil

Pyrimidine antagonists

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cytarabine

Pyrimidine antagonists

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capecitabine

Pyrimidine antagonists

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floxuridine

Pyrimidine antagonists

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gemcitabine

Pyrimidine antagonists

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Interferes with use of folic acid and as a result, DNA is not produced, and cell dies

Folic Acide Antagonism

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Interrupts metabolic pathways of purine
nucleotides and results in interruption of synthesis of DNA and
RNA

Purine antagonism

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Interrupts metabolic pathways of pyrimidine bases and results in interruption of DNA and RNA synthesis

Pyrimidine antagonism

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Adverse Effects: Hair loss, myelosuppression, nausea and
vomiting. Neurologic, cardiovascular, pulmonary,
hepatobiliary, GI, genitourinary, dermatologic,
ocular, otic, and metabolic toxicity. Tumor lysis syndrome. Palmar-plantar dysesthesia (also called
hand-
foot
syndrome), Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
toxic epidermal necrolysis

Antimetabolites

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Antimetabolites

Folic acid antagonists
Purine antagonists
Pyrimidine antagonists

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Mitotic Inhibitors

Vinca alkaloids

Taxanes

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vinblastine

Vinca alkaloids

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vincristine

Vinca alkaloids

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vinorelbine

Vinca alkaloids

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docetaxel

Taxanes

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paclitaxel

Taxanes

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cabazitaxel

Taxanes

eribulin

Taxanes

Adverse Effects: Hair loss, nausea and vomiting, | myelosuppression. Liver, kidney, lung toxicities, convulsions, extravasation

Mitotic Inhibitors

topotecan

Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors | Camptothecins

irinotecan

Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors | Camptothecins

Indications: Ovarian and colorectal cancer and small cell lung cancer

Topoisomerase I Inhibitors | Camptothecins

Inhibit proper DNA function in the S phase

Topoisomerase I Inhibitors | Camptothecins

Adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression (predictable, reversible, noncumulative, manageable). GI effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Irinotecan causes cholinergic diarrhea (delayed, occurring 2 to 10 days after dosage)

Topoisomerase I Inhibitors | Camptothecins

asparaginase

Antineoplastic Enzyme

pegaspargase

Antineoplastic Enzyme

Used to treat acute | lymphocytic leukemia

asparaginase

``` MOA: Work by preventing cancer cells from reproducing. Alter the chemical structure of the cells’ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Bifunctional or polyfunctional ```

Alkylating Drugs

cisplatin

Alkylating Drugs

cyclophosphamide

Alkylating Drugs

mechlorethamine

Alkylating Drugs

carmustine

Alkylating Drugs

``` Used in combination with other drugs to treat various types of cancer, such as:  Recurrent ovarian cancer  Brain tumors  Lymphomas  Leukemias  Breast cancer  Bladder cancer ```

Alkylating Drugs

daunorubicin

Anthracycline antibiotics

doxorubicin

Anthracycline antibiotics

epirubicin

Anthracycline antibiotics

idarubicin

Anthracycline antibiotics

valrubicin

Anthracycline antibiotics

R/o heart failure when taking _____

daunorubicin

R/o acute left ventricular failure when taking ______.

doxorubicin

R/o pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonitis when taking _____.

bleomycin

bevacizumab

Angiogenesis inhibitor

Blocks blood supply to the growing tumor. Used to treat metastatic colon cancer, rectal cancer in combination with 5-fluorouracil, non– small cell lung cancer, and malignant glioblastoma. Nephrotoxic

bevacizumab

Used to treat squamous cell carcinoma and some | leukemias

hydroxyurea

Many adverse effects: edema, drowsiness, headache, rash, hyperuricemia, nausea, vomiting, dysuria, myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis

hydroxyurea

Used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Works by inhibiting this enzyme that is active in the CML process

imatinib

Adrenal cytotoxic drug. Used specifically for inoperable adrenal corticoid carcinoma. Oral form only

mitotane

anastrozole

Aromatase inhibitors

aminoglutethimide

Aromatase inhibitors

tamoxifen

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

toremifene

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

megestrol

Progestins

medroxyprogesterone

Progestins

fluoxymesterone

Androgen

testolactone

Androgens

fulvestrant

Estrogen receptor antagonist

bicalutamide

Antiandrogens

flutamide

Antiandrogens

nilutamide

Antiandrogens

leuprolide

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists

goserelin

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists

estramustine

Antineoplastic horomone

Used to treat esophageal and bronchial tumors in | combination with laser light therapy

Porfimer sodium

Leaking of an antineoplastic drug into surrounding tissues during IV administration. Can result in permanent damage to nerves, tendons, muscles, loss of limbs. Skin grafting or amputations may be necessary

Extravasation