Ch. 41

Question 1

The medical diagnosis for any infection caused by a bacterial species known as Mycobacterium. Infections most commonly affect the lungs. Other common sites of infection are the growing ends of bones and the brain

Answer 1

TB

Question 2

most commonly characterized by granulomas in the lungs, nodular accumulations of inflammatory cells that are delimited (“walled off” with clear boundaries)

Answer 2

TB

Question 3

Two mycobacterial species that can cause TB: Mycobacterium _______ and Mycobacterium ______.

Answer 3

tuberculosis and bovis

Question 4

A primary antitubercular drug and is the most widely used. It can be administered either as the sole drug in the prophylaxis of TB or in combination with other drugs.

Answer 4

INH

Question 5

Before the results of the TB susceptibility tests are known, the patient is started on a four-drug regimen consisting of ______, ______, ______, and _______ or _______ which together are 95% effective in combating the infection. The use of multiple medications reduces drug resistance

Answer 5

isoniazid
rifampin
pyrazinamide (PZA)
ethambutol or streptomycin

Question 6

is noted for causing pyridoxine deficiency and liver toxicity

Answer 6

INH

Question 7

Counsel women taking oral contraceptive therapy who are prescribed ______ about switching to other forms of birth control, because of the ineffectiveness of oral contraception when this medication is taken.

Answer 7

rifampin

Question 8

Vitamin B6 is needed to combat the peripheral neuropathy associated with ______

Answer 8

isoniazid

Question 9

Adverse Reactions: hearing loss (ototoxicity); nephrotoxicity; seizure activity; altered vision; blindness; extreme gastrointestinal upset; fatigue; nausea; vomiting; fever; jaundice; numbness, tingling, or burning of the extremities; abdominal pain; and easy bruising

Answer 9

antitubercular drugs