Ch. 42

Question 1

An opportunistic fungal infection that occurs in patients taking broad-spectrum antibiotics, antineoplastics, or immunosuppressants, as well as in immunocompromised persons.

Answer 1

Candidiasis (caused by Candida albicans)

Question 2

When candidiasis occurs in the mouth it is commonly referred to as ______. Commonly seen in newborns or immunocompromised persons.

Answer 2

Thrush or oral candidiasis

Question 3

A yeast infection and occurs most commonly in individuals with diabetes mellitus, women taking oral contraceptives, and pregnant women.

Answer 3

Vaginal candidiasis

Question 4

casofungin

Answer 4

Systemic Antifungal

Question 5

ketoconazole

Drug class?

Answer 5

Imidazole (Systemic Antifungal)

Question 6

clotrimazole

Answer 6

Topical Antifungal

Question 7

miconazole

Answer 7

Topical Antifungal

Question 8

Polyenes

Answer 8

nystatin (Topical Antfungal)
amphotericin B (Systemic Antifungal)

Question 9

Triazoles

Answer 9

fluconazole (Systemic Antifungal)
itraconazole
voriconazole

Question 10

Echinocandins

Answer 10

caspofungin

micafungin

Question 11

MOA: Taken up by fungal cells and interferes with DNA

synthesis. Result: fungal cell death

Answer 11

flucytosine

Question 12

Disrupts cell division, results inhibited fungal mitosis (reproduction)

Answer 12

griseofulvin

Question 13

MOA: Bind to sterols in cell membrane. Result: fungal cell death. Do not bind to human cell membranes or kill
human cells

Answer 13

Polyenes (amphotericin B and nystatin)

Question 14

Inhibit fungal cell cytochrome P-450 enzymes,
resulting in cell membrane leaking. Lead to altered cell membrane. Result: altered cellular metabolism and fungal cell
death

Answer 14

Imidazoles and triazoles (ketoconazole,

fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole)

Question 15

Prevent the synthesis of glucans, which are
essential components of fungal cell walls.
Causes fungal cell death

Answer 15

Echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin)

Question 16

Adverse Effects: Fever, Chills, Cardiac dysrhythmias, Nausea and GI upset, Renal toxicity,
Headache,
Malaise,
Hypotension,
Tingling, numbness in hands and feet,
Lowered potassium and magnesium levels

Answer 16

amphotericin B

Question 17

Adverse Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, increased liver enzymes. Use with caution in patients with renal and liver
dysfunction

Answer 17

fluconazole

Question 18

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, local irritation,

rash

Answer 18

nystatin

Question 19

What are the contraindications for use of antifungal medications?

Answer 19

Liver failure, renal failure, porphyria (griseofulvin), and drug allergy