Ch 39 Flashcards
gentamicin
Aminoglycoside
neomycin
Aminoglycoside
tobramycin
Aminoglycoside
amikacin
Aminoglycoside
kanamycin
Aminoglycoside
streptomycin
Aminoglycoside
This drug class has poor oral absorption; no PO forms. Very potent with serious toxicities.
Aminoglycoside
Used to kill gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp ., E. coli, Proteus spp ., Klebsiella spp ., Serratia spp. Often used in combination with other antibiotics for synergistic effects Certain gram-positive infections that are resistant to other antibiotics
Aminoglycosides
poorly absorbed
through the GI tract and administered
parenterally
Aminoglycosides
an aminoglycoside that is given orally to decontaminate the GI tract before surgical procedures
neomycin
ciprofloxacin
Quinolones
norfloxacin
Quinolones
levofloxacin
Quinolones
moxifloxacin
Quinolones
Excellent oral absorption. Absorption reduced by antacids. Effective against gram-negative organisms
and some gram-positive organisms
Quinolones
MOA: Bactericidal. Alter DNA of bacteria, causing death. Do not affect human DNA
Quinolones
Used to Tx: Gram-negative bacteria such as
pseudomonas, Respiratory infections,
Bone and joint infections,
GI infections, Skin infections, Sexually transmitted diseases, Anthrax
Quinolones
Used for chronic bone infections, GU infections,
intraabdominal infections. May cause pseudomembranous colitis
clindamycin
New class: oxazolidinones. Used to treat vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus
faecium
(VREF, VRE), hospital-acquired skin and
skin structure infections, including those with
MRSA
linezolid
Used for anaerobic organisms. Intraabdominal and gynecologic infections. Protozoal infections.
EtOH intolerance
metronidazole
Primarily used for UTIs ( E. coli, S. aureus, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp.). Use carefully if renal function is impaired. Drug concentrates in the urine. Keep patient well-hydrated. May cause fatal hepatotoxicity
nitrofurantoin
30:70 combination, work synergistically. Used for bacteremia and infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and other complicated skin infections
quinupristin and dalfopristin (Synercid)
daptomycin
lipopeptide
Used to Tx complicated skin and soft tissue infections
daptomycin
Natural, bactericidal antibiotic. Interferes with cell wall synthesis. Tx of choice for MRSA and other gram-
positive infections. Must monitor blood levels to ensure therapeutic
levels and prevent toxicity. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Should be infused over 60 minutes. Rapid infusions may cause hypotension
vancomycin
Adverse Reactions: Red man syndrome may occur, ensure adequate hydration if not contraindicated to prevent nephrotoxicity
vancomycin
