Ch. 38 Flashcards
inhibit the growth of bacteria
Sulfonamides
have broad spectrum of antiacterial activity, including activity against gram pos and gram neg bacertia
Sulfonamides
These antibiotics achieve very high concentrations in the kidneys, and therefore are often used to Tx UTIs.
sulfamethoxazole
trimethoprim
Four major subclasses of beta-lactam broad group ATBs
penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactams
Four subgroups of penicillins
natural penicillins
penicillinase-resistant penicillins
aminpenicillins
extended-spectrum penicillins
Some bacteria are capable of producing ______ that can inactivate penicillin
beta-lactamase
Combination penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitors
ampicillin/sulbactam
amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
piperacillin/tazobactam
indicated for the prevention and Tx of infections caused by gram-pos bacteria
penicillins
Common adverse effects include urticaria, pruritus, and angioedema
penicillins
carbenicillin
extended-spectrum penicillin
piperacillin
extended-spectrum penicillin
ticarcillin
extended-spectrum penicillin
Semisynthetic antibiotics structurally and pharmacologically related to the penicillins. They are bactericidal and interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis.
cephalosporins
usually active against gram-positive bacteria and have limited activity against gram-negative bacteria
First Gen. Cephalosporins
have coverage against gram-positive organisms but have enhanced coverage against gram-negative bacteria
Second Gen Cephalosporins
cefotaxime
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
cefpodoxime
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
ceftazidime
3rd Gen. Cephalosporin
ceftibuten
3rd. Gen. Cephalosporin
cefdinir
3rd Gen. Cephalosporin
ceftizoxime
3rd Gen. Cephalosporin
ceftriaxone
3rd Gen. Cephalosporin
has increased activity against many Enterobacter spp. (gram-negative) as well as gram-positive organisms
cefepime
indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated UTIs, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and pneumonia
cefepime
a fifth-generation cephalosporin and the only cephalosporin that treats MRSA
ceftaroline
Commonly reported adverse effects: mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritus, redness, and edema. A person allergic to penicillin may also be allergic to this drug class.
Cephalosporins
have the broadest antibacterial action of any antibiotics to date; they are bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis
Carbapenems
often reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in acutely ill patients and are also effective against many gram-positive organisms
Carbapenems
must be infused over 60 minutes
Carbapenems
Greatest hazard is r/o drug induced seizures
Carbapenems
the only monobactam antibiotic; it is a synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic that is primarily active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. a bactericidal antibiotic, destroying bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which results in lysis . Indicated for the treatment of moderately severe systemic infections and UTIs.
aztreonam
azithromycin
Macrolide
clarithromycin
Macrolide
dirithromycin
Macrolide
erythromycin
Macrolide
considered bacteriostatic; however, in high enough concentrations they may be bactericidal to some susceptible bacteria
Macrolides
Especially effective against several bacterial species that often reproduce inside host cells instead of just in the bloodstream or interstitial spaces, such as Listeria, Chlamydia, Legionella, Neisseria, and Campylobacter.
Macrolides
Inhibit infections including Streptococcus pyogenes, mild to moderate upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, spirochetal infections including syphilis and Lyme disease, various forms of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and mycoplasma infections
Macrolides
A therapeutic effect of ________ is its ability to irritate the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which stimulates smooth muscle and GI motility. This may benefit those who have decreased GI motility, such as delayed gastric emptying in diabetic patients. It is also helpful in facilitating the passage of feeding tubes from the stomach to small bowel.
erythromycin
currently the only drug in the ketolide class. It is derived from erythromycin A and has better acid stability and better antibacterial coverage than the macrolides. Has been associated with severe liver damage, and its use is very limited.
Telithromycin
demeclocycline
Natural Tetracycline
oxytetracycline
Natural Tetracycline
tetracycline
Natural Tetracyline
indicated for skin and soft tissue infections, intraabdominal infections, pneumonia, and many resistant bacteria
tigecycline
Traditionally used to treat acne in adolescents and adults, they are also considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible organisms: chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Rickettsia infections, syphilis, and balantidiasis.
Tetracyclines
can cause discoloration of the permanent teeth and tooth enamel hypoplasia in both fetuses and children and possibly retard fetal skeletal development if taken during pregnancy, as well as photosensitivity, alteration of the intestinal and vaginal flora, reversible bulging fontanelles in neonates, thrombocytopenia, possible coagulation irregularities, hemolytic anemia, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Tetracyclines
