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Pharmacology Test 4 > Ch. 38 > Flashcards

Ch. 38 Flashcards

1
Q

inhibit the growth of bacteria

A

Sulfonamides

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2
Q

have broad spectrum of antiacterial activity, including activity against gram pos and gram neg bacertia

A

Sulfonamides

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3
Q

These antibiotics achieve very high concentrations in the kidneys, and therefore are often used to Tx UTIs.

A

sulfamethoxazole

trimethoprim

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4
Q

Four major subclasses of beta-lactam broad group ATBs

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactams

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5
Q

Four subgroups of penicillins

A

natural penicillins
penicillinase-resistant penicillins
aminpenicillins
extended-spectrum penicillins

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6
Q

Some bacteria are capable of producing ______ that can inactivate penicillin

A

beta-lactamase

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7
Q

Combination penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

ampicillin/sulbactam
amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
piperacillin/tazobactam

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8
Q

indicated for the prevention and Tx of infections caused by gram-pos bacteria

A

penicillins

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9
Q

Common adverse effects include urticaria, pruritus, and angioedema

A

penicillins

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10
Q

carbenicillin

A

extended-spectrum penicillin

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11
Q

piperacillin

A

extended-spectrum penicillin

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12
Q

ticarcillin

A

extended-spectrum penicillin

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13
Q

Semisynthetic antibiotics structurally and pharmacologically related to the penicillins. They are bactericidal and interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis.

A

cephalosporins

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14
Q

usually active against gram-positive bacteria and have limited activity against gram-negative bacteria

A

First Gen. Cephalosporins

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15
Q

have coverage against gram-positive organisms but have enhanced coverage against gram-negative bacteria

A

Second Gen Cephalosporins

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16
Q

cefotaxime

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin

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17
Q

cefpodoxime

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin

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18
Q

ceftazidime

A

3rd Gen. Cephalosporin

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19
Q

ceftibuten

A

3rd. Gen. Cephalosporin

20
Q

cefdinir

A

3rd Gen. Cephalosporin

21
Q

ceftizoxime

A

3rd Gen. Cephalosporin

22
Q

ceftriaxone

A

3rd Gen. Cephalosporin

23
Q

has increased activity against many Enterobacter spp. (gram-negative) as well as gram-positive organisms

A

cefepime

24
Q

indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated UTIs, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and pneumonia

A

cefepime

25
Q

a fifth-generation cephalosporin and the only cephalosporin that treats MRSA

A

ceftaroline

26
Q

Commonly reported adverse effects: mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritus, redness, and edema. A person allergic to penicillin may also be allergic to this drug class.

A

Cephalosporins

27
Q

have the broadest antibacterial action of any antibiotics to date; they are bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Carbapenems

28
Q

often reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections in acutely ill patients and are also effective against many gram-positive organisms

A

Carbapenems

29
Q

must be infused over 60 minutes

A

Carbapenems

30
Q

Greatest hazard is r/o drug induced seizures

A

Carbapenems

31
Q

the only monobactam antibiotic; it is a synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic that is primarily active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. a bactericidal antibiotic, destroying bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which results in lysis . Indicated for the treatment of moderately severe systemic infections and UTIs.

A

aztreonam

32
Q

azithromycin

A

Macrolide

33
Q

clarithromycin

A

Macrolide

34
Q

dirithromycin

A

Macrolide

35
Q

erythromycin

A

Macrolide

36
Q

considered bacteriostatic; however, in high enough concentrations they may be bactericidal to some susceptible bacteria

A

Macrolides

37
Q

Especially effective against several bacterial species that often reproduce inside host cells instead of just in the bloodstream or interstitial spaces, such as Listeria, Chlamydia, Legionella, Neisseria, and Campylobacter.

A

Macrolides

38
Q

Inhibit infections including Streptococcus pyogenes, mild to moderate upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, spirochetal infections including syphilis and Lyme disease, various forms of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and mycoplasma infections

A

Macrolides

39
Q

A therapeutic effect of ________ is its ability to irritate the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which stimulates smooth muscle and GI motility. This may benefit those who have decreased GI motility, such as delayed gastric emptying in diabetic patients. It is also helpful in facilitating the passage of feeding tubes from the stomach to small bowel.

A

erythromycin

40
Q

currently the only drug in the ketolide class. It is derived from erythromycin A and has better acid stability and better antibacterial coverage than the macrolides. Has been associated with severe liver damage, and its use is very limited.

A

Telithromycin

41
Q

demeclocycline

A

Natural Tetracycline

42
Q

oxytetracycline

A

Natural Tetracycline

43
Q

tetracycline

A

Natural Tetracyline

44
Q

indicated for skin and soft tissue infections, intraabdominal infections, pneumonia, and many resistant bacteria

A

tigecycline

45
Q

Traditionally used to treat acne in adolescents and adults, they are also considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible organisms: chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Rickettsia infections, syphilis, and balantidiasis.

A

Tetracyclines

46
Q

can cause discoloration of the permanent teeth and tooth enamel hypoplasia in both fetuses and children and possibly retard fetal skeletal development if taken during pregnancy, as well as photosensitivity, alteration of the intestinal and vaginal flora, reversible bulging fontanelles in neonates, thrombocytopenia, possible coagulation irregularities, hemolytic anemia, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus.

A

Tetracyclines

Pharmacology Test 4 (10 decks)

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