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A.P. Biology > Ch. 41 Species Interactions > Flashcards

Ch. 41 Species Interactions Flashcards

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0
Q

Relationships between species in a community

A

Interspecific interactions

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1
Q

And assemblage of populations of various species living close enough for potential interaction

A

A biological community

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2
Q

Occurs when species compete for resources that limits their growth or survival

A

Interspecific competition

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3
Q

Local elimination of a competing species

A

Competitive exclusion

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4
Q

A specific set of biotic and abiotic resources used by an organism

A

Ecological niche

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5
Q

Differentiation of ecological niches enabling similar species to coexist in a community

A

Resource partitioning

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6
Q

The niche potentially occupied by that species

A

Fundamental niche

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7
Q

The niche actually occupied by that species

A

Realized niche

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8
Q

The tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of two species than in allopatric populations of the same two species

A

Character displacement

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9
Q

Positive negative interaction refers to an interaction in which one species the predator kills and eats the other the prey

A

Predation

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10
Q

Makes prey difficult to spot

A

Cryptic coloration or camouflage

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11
Q

Animals with effective chemical defenses often exhibit bright warning coloration

A

Aposematic coloration

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12
Q

A palatable or harmless species mimics and unpalatable or harmful model

A

Batesian mimicry

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13
Q

Two or more unpalatable species resemble each other

A

Müllerian mimicry

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14
Q

Positive negative interaction refers to an interaction in which an herbivore eats parts of a plant or algae

A

Herbivory

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15
Q

A relationship where two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another

A

Symbiosis

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16
Q

Positive negative interaction one organism the parasite derives nourishment from another organism it’s host which is harmed in the process

A

Parasitism

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17
Q

Parasites that live within the body of their host

A

Endoparasites

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18
Q

Parasites that live on the external surface of a host

A

Ectoparasites

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19
Q

Positive negative interaction an interspecific interactions that benefits both species

A

Mutualism

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20
Q

Positive neutral interaction one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped

A

Commensalism

21
Q

Positive positive or positive neutral interaction in which one species has positive effects on another species without direct and intimate contact

A

Facilitation

22
Q

What are two fundamental features of community structure

A

Species diversity and feeding relationships

23
Q

Variety of organisms that make up the community

A

Species diversity

24
Q

What two components consist in species diversity

A

Species richness and relative abundance

25
Q

The number of different species in the community

A

Species richness

26
Q

The portion each species represents of all individuals in the community

A

Relative abundance

27
Q

Uses the Shannon diversity index

A

Comparing diversity

28
Q

Communities with higher diversity are

A

More productive and more stable in their productivity
Produce biomass more consistently than single species plots
Better able to withstand in recover from environmental stresses
More resistant to invasive species organisms that become established outside their native range

29
Q

Total mass of all individuals of a population

A

Biomass

30
Q

Link trophic levels from producers to top carnivores

A

Food chains

31
Q

A branching food chain with complex trophic interactions

A

A food web

32
Q

Most abundant or have the highest biomass

A

Dominant species

33
Q

Dominant species are most competitive in

A

Exploiting resources

34
Q

Exert strong control on a community by their ecological roles or niches
Not necessarily abundant in the community

A

Keystone species

35
Q

Cause physical changes in the environment that affect community structure
foundation species

A

Ecosystem engineers

36
Q

Organization that poses a Uni directional influence from lower to higher trophic levels

A

Bottom Up model

37
Q

Describe communities as constantly changing after being buffeted by disturbances

A

Non-equilibrium model

38
Q

In the event that changes a community removes organisms from it and alters resource availability

A

Disturbance

39
Q

Suggests that moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater diversity than either high or low levels of disturbance

A

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

40
Q

What does high level of disturbance exclude

A

Slow-growing species

41
Q

What does low levels of disturbance exclude

A

Less competitive species than the dominant species

42
Q

The sequence of community in ecosystem changes after disturbance

A

Ecological succession

43
Q

Occurs where no soil exists when succession begins

A

Primary succession

44
Q

Begins in an area where soil remains after a disturbance

A

Secondary succession

45
Q

The result of changes induced by the vegetation itself

A

Succession

46
Q

Two key factors that affect a communities species diversity

A

Latitude and area

47
Q

Two key factors in equatorial-polar gradients of species richness

A

Evolutionary history and climate

48
Q

Two main climatic factors correlated with biodiversity

A

Sunlight and precipitation

49
Q

Can have dramatic effects on community structure when they are introduced into new habitats

A

PathogenS

50
Q

Transferred from other animals to humans

A

Zoonotic pathogens

51
Q

Transfers the pathogens

A

Vector

A.P. Biology (12 decks)

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