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A.P. Biology > Ch. 1-3 Water, Acids, Bases, Buffers > Flashcards

Ch. 1-3 Water, Acids, Bases, Buffers Flashcards

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0
Q

Maximum number of hydrogen bonds of a water molecule

A

4

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1
Q

What type of molecule is water

A

Polar

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2
Q

What type of charge does oxygen have and hydrogen have in a water molecule

A

Oxygen has two partial negative

Hydrogen is partial positive

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3
Q

What are the properties of water

A 
Liquid water is cohesive
Water has a high specific heat
Water has a high heat of vaporization
Water expands when it freezes
Water is a versatile solvent
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4
Q

Water molecules stick together due to hydrogen bonds

A

Cohesion

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5
Q

Why does water have a high specific heat

A

Must break hydrogen bonds so it takes a lot of energy to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

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6
Q

Why does water have a high heat of vaporization

A

Must break hydrogen bonds

Takes a lot of energy to convert liquid water into vapor

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7
Q

Why does water expand when it freezes

A

Because in solid state water molecule is locked into maximum number of hydrogen bonds, so it takes up more space and is also less dense

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8
Q

What type of compounds will water dissolve

A

Polar covalent and ionic compounds

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9
Q

Importance of waters cohesive properties

A

Transport water against gravity in plants

Higher surface tension

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10
Q

What is the hydronium and hydroxide concentration of pure water at equilibrium at 25 degree Celsius

A

1.0 x 10^-7 M

pH of 7 or neutral

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11
Q

What happens if you add hydronium ion to pure water

A

Removes hydroxide ion
Equilibrium shifts to the water molecule side

Hydronium concentration is greater than hydroxide concentration

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12
Q

What happens if you add hydroxide to pure water

A

Removes hydronium
Equilibrium shifts to water molecule side
Hydroxide concentration is greater than hydronium concentration

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13
Q

What happens if you add an amino or NH3

A

Reduces hydronium concentration forming ammonium

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14
Q

Hydronium and hydroxide concentration always equals

pH and pOH

A

10^-14

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15
Q

Weak acids or bases that minimize changes in pH

A

Buffers

16
Q

What is the importance if buffers

A

Controls chemical reactions and maintains homeostasis

17
Q

What is the major buffer system in blood

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

18
Q

What is the chemical formula of the bicarbonate buffer system

A

H2O + CO2 yields H2CO3 yields HCO3- + H+

19
Q

What is HCO3- in the bicarbonate buffer system

A

Bicarbonate ( weak base)

20
Q

What is H2CO3 in the bicarbonate buffer system

A

Carbonic acid (weak acid)

21
Q

Blood pH should be around?

A

7.38 and 7.42

22
Q

What happens if you increase H+

Through fat metabolism or overdose on drugs

A

Equilibrium will shift away from hydronium ion

Increasing CO2
Which means increasing rate and depth of respiration

23
Q

What happens if you increase rate and depth of respiration through hyperventilating

A

Decrease in CO2
Equilibrium would shift towards CO2
Therefore increasing it

24
Q

Why is water a polar molecule

A

Opposite ends of molecule have opposite charges

Electronegativity

25
Q

The clinging of water molecules to other substances

A

Adhesion

26
Q

Why is water cohesive

A

Constantly forming new bonds

27
Q

Process in which water transports water and dissolved nutrients in plants

A

Transpiration

28
Q

Biological importance of waters high specific heat

A

Keeps temps on land and water within limits that permit life

29
Q

What is biological

Importance of waters relatively high heat of vaporization

A

Evaporative cooling moderates earths climate

30
Q

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

31
Q

Dissolving agent

A

Solvent

32
Q

Material being dissolved

A

Solute

33
Q

Solution where water is solvent

A

Aqueous solution

34
Q

Water loving;

A

Hydrophilic

35
Q

Water fearing

A

Hydrophobic

36
Q

pH range for most biological fluids

Exception of this range

A

6-8

Digestive juices of human stomach

A.P. Biology (12 decks)

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