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A.P. Biology > Ch. 40 Population Ecology And Distribution Of Animals > Flashcards

Ch. 40 Population Ecology And Distribution Of Animals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Concern with the biosphere or global ecosystem which is the sum of all the planets ecosystems

A

Global ecology

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1
Q

The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Focuses on the exchanges of energy materials and organisms across multiple ecosystems

A

Landscape ecology

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3
Q

A mosaic of connected ecosystems

A

Landscape

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4
Q

Emphasizes energy flowing chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components

A

Ecosystem ecology

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5
Q

Deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community

A

Community ecology

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6
Q

Focuses on factors affecting population size overtime

A

Population ecology

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7
Q

Studies how an organism structure physiology and behavior meet environmental challenges

A

Organismal ecology

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8
Q

The long-term prevailing weather conditions in an area

A

Climate

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9
Q

What are four major abiotic components of climate

A

Temperature precipitation sunlight and wind

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10
Q

Factors are the nonliving chemical and physical attributes of the environment

A

Abiotic

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11
Q

The other organisms that make up the living component of the environment

A

Biotic factors

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12
Q

Consists of patterns on the global regional in landscape level

A

Microclimate

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13
Q

What are global climate patterns determined largely by

A

Solar energy and the planets movement in space

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14
Q

Caused by the curved shape of the earth

A

Latitudinal variation in sunlight intensity

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15
Q

How are global air circulation and precipitation patterns initiated

A

By intentional radiation near the equator

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16
Q

Blow east to west in the tropics

A

Trade winds

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17
Q

Blowy west to east in temperate zones

A

Westerlies

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18
Q

What is Climate affected by

A

Seasonality large bodies of water and mountains

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19
Q

What is seasonality of high latitudes caused by

A

The tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation and it’s in you will pass it around the sun

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20
Q

Major life zones characterized by vegetation tape or physical environment

A

Biomes

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21
Q

Plots the temperature and precipitation in a region

A

Climograph

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22
Q

Often named for major physical or climatic factors and for vegetation

A

Terrestrial biomes

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23
Q

Area of intergradation

A

Ecotone

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24
Q

Account for the largest part of the biosphere in terms of area

A

Aquatic biomes

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25
Q

Among the most productive habitats on earth

A

Wetlands and estuaries

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26
Q

Inundated by water at least sometimes and support plants adopted to water saturated soil

A

Wetlands

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27
Q

Transition area between river and sea salinity varies with the rise and fall of the tides

A

Estuary

28
Q

Nutrient poor and generally oxygen-rich Lakes

A

Oligotrophic lakes

29
Q

Nutrient rich and often depleted of oxygen if ice covered in winter

More surface area relative to depth

A

Eutrophic Lakes

30
Q

Shallow well lighted close to shore zone of ocean

A

Littoral zone

31
Q

Waters too deep to support routed aquatic plants the primary producers are phytoplankton

A

Limnetic zone

32
Q

Can lead to algal blooms oxygen depletion and fish kill

A

Human induced nutrient enrichment

33
Q

Have varying environmental conditions from headwater to mouth

A

Streams and rivers

34
Q

Periodically submerged and exposed by the tides

A

Intertidal zone

35
Q

Formed from the calcium carbonate skeletons of corals

A

Coral reefs

36
Q

Constantly mixed by wind driven ocean currents

A

Oceanic pelagic zone

37
Q

Largest area of primary reproduction

A

Oceanic pelagic zone

38
Q

Consists of the seafloor

A

Marina benthic zone

39
Q

Consist of the photic and aphotic zone’s

A

Pelagic zone

40
Q

The organic and inorganic sediment at the bottom of all aquatic zones

A

Benthic zone

41
Q

The communities of organisms in the benthic zone are collectively called

A

Benthos

42
Q

The movement of individuals away from centers of high population density or from their area of origin

A

Dispersal

43
Q

Important environmental factors in distribution of organisms

A

Temperature and availability of water and oxygen

44
Q

Affects the water balance of organisms through osmosis

A

Salinity

45
Q

The energy source for photosynthetic organisms

A

Sunlight

46
Q

Characteristics of rocks and soil that limit the distribution of plants and thus the animals that feed on them

A

Physical structure pH mineral composition

47
Q

Number of individuals per-unit area or volume

A

Density

48
Q

What is the most common pattern of dispersion

A

Clumped individuals aggregate in patches

49
Q

The study of the vital statistics of a population and how they change over time

A

Demography

50
Q

In age-specific summary of the survival pattern of a population

A

Life table

51
Q

A graphic way of representing the data in a life table

A

Survivorship curve

52
Q

Equation solving for change in population size

A

Change in population size equals births plus immigrating entering population minus deaths minus emigrants leaving population

53
Q

When the birth rate equals the death rate

A

Zero population growth

54
Q

Comprises the traits that affect its schedule of reproduction

A

And organisms life history

55
Q

What trade-offs do organisms commit

A

Between survival and reproduction

Number and size of offspring

56
Q

Selects for life history traits that are sensitive to population density

A

K selection or density dependent

57
Q

Selects for life history traits that maximize reproduction

A

R selection or density independent

58
Q

Birthrate and death rate do not change with population density

A

Density independent

59
Q

Birthrates fall and death rates rise with population density

A

Density dependent

60
Q

Occurs in crowded populations increasing population density intensifies this conflict

A

Competition for resources

61
Q

Just buy a population can accumulate in the environment contributing to density dependent regulation of population size

A

Toxic wastes

62
Q

May increase with increasing population size do you to put her preference for abundant prey species

A

Predation

63
Q

Can limit population density when space becomes a limited resource

A

Territoriality

64
Q

Transmission rates may increase with increasing population density

A

Disease

65
Q

Appear to regulate population size

A

Intrinsic factors

66
Q

Focuses on the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in population size

A

Population dynamics

67
Q

Can affect population size overtime

A

Weather and predator populations

68
Q

Groups of populations linked by immigration and emigration

A

Metapopulations

A.P. Biology (12 decks)

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