Ch 4 - Viticulture

Question 1

What is the annual growth cycle of the vine, in chronological order?

Answer 1

1. Winter dormancy
2. Weeping
3. Bud Break
4. Shoot and leaf growth
5. Photosynthesis begins
6. Flowering
7. Berry set
8. Version
9. Physiological maturity
10. Harvest

Question 2

Process by which materials are moved from one part of the plant to another

Answer 2

translocation

Question 3

process by which sunlight is converted to sugar

Answer 3

Photosynthesis

Question 4

process by which water evaporates through pores on undersides of leaves

Answer 4

transpiration

Question 5

process by which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy

Answer 5

respiration

Question 6

A problem that causes poor fruit set, also known as shatter

Answer 6

Coulure

Question 7

soil-based roundworm that has increased due to shallow root stock

Answer 7

Nematodes

Question 8

mold that can be beneficial, also known as noble rot

Answer 8

Botrytis cinerea

Question 9

a fungal disease known as powdery mildew

Answer 9

Oidium

Question 10

a problem with fruit set where grape bunches have a high proportion of small seedless berries

Answer 10

Millerandage

Question 11

a fungal disease known as downy mildew

Answer 11

Peronospora

Question 12

bacterial disease spread by the glassy-winged sharpshooter

Answer 12

Pierce’s disease

Question 13

a destructive louse that feeds on roots of vinifera vines

Answer 13

Phylloxera

Question 14

Difference between climate and weather?

Answer 14

Climate = historical average / what is expected in the long run.
Weather = actual meteorological conditions in the short term / what actually happens

Question 15

How much water do grapevines need annually?

Answer 15

20-30 inches

Question 16

Why are low fertile soils better for commercial vineyards?

Answer 16

less fertile = less vegetation and fewer grapes - concentrates sugar and phenolics better

Question 17

Put these soil types in order (from largest to smallest particle size): gravel, silt, clay, sand

Answer 17

1. gravel
2. sand
3. silt
4. clay

Question 18

How would a high elevation vineyard differ from one on a valley floor?

Answer 18

cooler, windier, less fog, more intense sunlight and larger diurnal temperature swings

Question 19

what effects do bodies of water have on nearby vineyard climates

Answer 19

water changes temperature slower, so it nearby vineyards experience less temperature swings. Diurnal temperature changes are less, summers are not as hot, winters are milder. Humidity can provide fog, as well as greater cloud cover, rain, and dampness.

Question 20

T/F - in general, lower latitude = warmer climate

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Where do they use the Oechsle system of measuring grape ripeness?

Answer 21

Germany and Switzerland

Question 22

Does photosynthesis stop at night?

Answer 22

Yes - can only occur while sun is shining

Question 23

What ground temperature is needed for bud break?

Answer 23

50 degrees farenheit

Question 24

For dry table wines, what is the typical time from bud break to harvest

Answer 24

140 to 160 days

Question 25

In the northern hemisphere, who gets more sun: north-facing or south-facing slopes?

Answer 25

South-facing slopes (opposite is true in Southern Hemisphere)

Question 26

Do continental climates have hotter summers and colder winters than Mediterranean climates?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

what is a Guyot system of vine training?

Answer 27

a simple cane-pruned system where one cane from each vine in a row is trained along a wire, all in the same direction.

Question 28

What is the conversion factor for degrees Brix to alcohol?

Answer 28

55%

Question 29

What temperature range is the sweet spot before photosynthesis starts to slow down?

Answer 29

50-90 degrees farenheit

Question 30

What does a refractometer measure?

Answer 30

grape sugar levels

Question 31

What is a pergola system of vine training?

Answer 31

Overhead vines are trained up a tall support and then allowed to spread out horizontally

Question 32

Who regulates biodynamic viticulture in the US?

Answer 32

Demeter International

Question 33

What is veraison?

Answer 33

grapes begin a sudden acceleration toward maturity and take on color

Question 34

what are ideal latitudes for grape growing?

Answer 34

30 to 50 degrees (either north or south)

Question 35

List in order the life cycle of a grape

Answer 35

bud break, shoot and leaf growth, flowering, berry set, version, harvest