Ch 4 Respiration

Question 1

Equation for aerobic respiration for one molecule glucose

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 2

What happens when one phosphate group is removed from atp?

Answer 2

formation of more stable and lower energy molecule, ADP

Question 3

Describe membranes of mitochondria?

Answer 3

two membranes, outer and inner cristae thats folded. The inner separates mito to outer compartment and matrix.

Question 4

where does krebs cycle take place?

Answer 4

matrix

Question 5

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

(aka fermentation) oxygen is not present, glycolysis still occurs, but it is followed by alcoholic fermentation or lactic acid fermentation

Question 6

aerobic respiration

Answer 6

oxygen is present, so after glycolysis, the krebs cycle, etc, and chemiosmosis follows.

Question 7

alcoholic fermentation

Answer 7

anaerobic. certain cells convert pyruvate from glycolysis into ethyl alcohol and CO2.

Question 8

Industries that depend on alcoholic fermentation

Answer 8

bread, beer, wine, and liquor

Question 9

lactic acid fermentation

Answer 9

strenuousexercise, not enough oxygen to go to muscles. pyruvic acid from glycolysis turns into lactic acid, builds in muscles. soreness

Question 10

how is lactic acid removed from muscles

Answer 10

increased blood flow brings oxygen to muscle which removes lactic acid to liver where tis converted to pyruvic acid

Question 11

glycolysis

Answer 11

molecule of glucose breaks into two pyruvate. occurs in cytoplasm, 2 ATP required, 4 released. NET =2.

Question 12

pyruvate

Answer 12

essentially half a glucose. raw material for krebs cycle.

Question 13

Krebs cycle

Answer 13

pyruvic acid combines with coenzyme a, forms acetyl coA. occurs in matrix. each krebs turn produces 1 ATP and FADH2, and 3 NADH. CO2 byproduct.

Question 14

NADH and FADH

Answer 14

coenzymes that shuttle protons and electrons from glycolysis and krebs to etc.

Question 15

electron transport chain

Answer 15

creates gradient across cristae, which produces atp through chemiosmosis.

Question 16

chemiosmosis

Answer 16

uses oxidative phosphorylation, produces most of the atp of aerobic cell resp

Question 17

ETC proton gradient

Answer 17

created by energy released by electrons pulled by nadh and fadh.

Question 18

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 18

used in chemiosmosis, mechanism that produces atp. uses energy stored in proton gradient. depends on molecule in cristae called atp synthase. spins like a turbine.

Question 19

role of oxygen in ETC?

Answer 19

pulls electrons and protons through ETC, and is the final proton and electron acceptor, creates water as waste.