Ch 3 Cell Division

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

functions in the growth and repair of body cells. produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells with same chromosome number as parent. each daughter cell is also diploid (2n).

Question 2

meiosis

Answer 2

occurs only in sexually reproducers, produces gametes, which are haploid (n). half the number of chromosomes from parent.

Question 3

sister chromatids

Answer 3

found on replicated chromosome; exact copies of each other and connected with centromere

Question 4

interphase

Answer 4

90% of cell life. has G1, S, and G2 stage. chromosomes replicate in preparation for division, nucleoli become visible within nucleus.

Question 5

prophase

Answer 5

strands of chromosomes condense and become visible. nucleoli disappear. spindle fibers form in cytoplasm and extend from one centrosome to the other. longest phase of mitosis

Question 6

metaphase

Answer 6

chromosomes line up single file on equator of metaphase plate. centrosomes are at opposite poles of cell.

Question 7

anaphase

Answer 7

centromeres of each chromosome separate, and spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart. shortest phase of mitosis.

Question 8

telophase

Answer 8

chromosomes cluster at opposite poles. nuclear membrane reforms. chromosomes return to pre-cell division state as strands.

Question 9

cytokinesis

Answer 9

division of the cytoplasm.

Question 10

cleavage furrow

Answer 10

in animal cells during cytokinesis as a result of cytoplasm pinching inwards and the two daughter cells separate from each other.

Question 11

Cell plate

Answer 11

forms down middle of plant cells during cytokinesis. daugter cells don’t separate, they are connected by middle lamella

Question 12

Meiosis I

Answer 12

called reduction division. synapsis and crossing over occur. HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes separate, and then line up randomly on equator, and separate INDEPENDENTLY.

Question 13

synapsis

Answer 13

during meiosis I, chromosomes pair up precisely with homologue so crossing over can occur

Question 14

crossing over

Answer 14

during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes can exchange genetic material. ensures greater variety in daughter cell.

Question 15

meiosis II

Answer 15

SISTER CHROMATIDS separate. division maintains haploid number of chromosomes. completes goal of meiosis: Producing four genetically unique cells from original mother cell