Ch 11 Animal Physiology

Question 1

all animals are ______, ________ celled, ________, and acquire nutrients by _______.

Answer 1

multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs, ingestion

Question 2

locomotion

Answer 2

movement from place to place

Question 3

sessile (animal examples)

Answer 3

non-moving; hydra and sponges

Question 4

exoskeleton and which animals have it

Answer 4

made of chitin, they do not grow with the animal and must be shed, protects soft body and enables rapid movement; some arthropods like crabs and grasshoppers

Question 5

hydrostatic skeleton and which animals have it

Answer 5

a closed body compartment filled with fluid; nematodes, planaria, and annelids (the worms)

Question 6

endoskeletons and which animals have it

Answer 6

bone and cartilage, grows as animal grows; chordates

Question 7

ligaments

Answer 7

connect bone to bones

Question 8

tendons

Answer 8

connect bones to muscles

Question 9

which is the most stable environment which experiences the least fluctuation in environmental temperatures

Answer 9

the ocean!`

Question 10

the regulation of _____ for land animals is important due to fluctuations of climates

Answer 10

body temperatures

Question 11

are cold blooded and warm blooded proper scientific terms?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

ectotherm

Answer 12

(cold blooded) heated from the outside

Question 13

endotherm

Answer 13

(warm blooded) maintaining a constant body temperature despite fluctuations in the environmental temp.

Question 14

among animals, who are the only endotherms

Answer 14

birds and mammals

Question 15

excretion

Answer 15

the removal of metabolic wastes

Question 16

three types of nitrogenous wastes

Answer 16

ammonia, urea, and uric acid

Question 17

ammonia (waste)

Answer 17

very toxic, very soluble in water, excreted by hydra, fish, and most water organisms

Question 18

urea

Answer 18

not as toxic of a waste as ammonia; excreted by earthworms and humans; in humans its formed from ammonia in the liver

Question 19

uric acid

Answer 19

pastelike subtance not toxic not soluble; excreted by insects, reptiles, and birds. minimal water loss.

Question 20

gastrovascular cavity

Answer 20

used by cnidarians to digest. has only one opening: the mouth. this means food enters same opening as waste exits

Question 21

basic body plan of hydra? jellyfish?

Answer 21

polyp; medusa

Question 22

mesoglea

Answer 22

middle glue that holds together ectoderm and endoderm in two layered animals

Question 23

nematocytes

Answer 23

stingers of cnidarians

Question 24

crop (earthworm)

Answer 24

after food in mouth, its stored in crop

Question 25

gizzard

Answer 25

in earthworms, grinds up food with help of sand and soil.

Question 26

earthworms have a ______ respiratory ______. why?

Answer 26

external respiratory surface; diffusion of gases occurs at moist surface

Question 27

earthworm heart

Answer 27

consists of 5 pairs of aortic arches, closed circulatory system

Question 28

how does earthworm remove nitrogenous waste? what is its waste?

Answer 28

uses paired nephridia in every body segment; urea

Question 29

how do earthworms reproduce

Answer 29

they are hermaphrodites

Question 30

grasshoppers, like earthworms have crops and gizzards. what are their differences?

Answer 30

grasshoper has mouthparts for tasting, biting, and crushing food. gizzard has chitin. digestive tract removes uric acid.

Question 31

Malpighan Tubes

Answer 31

what grasshoppers use in their digestive tract to remove uric acid

Question 32

grasshopper circulatory system?

Answer 32

open, lacks capillaries, tubular heart. blood has no oxygen or hemoglobin

Question 33

grasshopper and other arthropods have _____ respiratory _____; what is this

Answer 33

internal respiratory surface; exchange of oxygen and CO2 occurs inside animal