Ch 13 Reproduction

Question 1

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 1

enables animals in isolation to reproduce without mate, numerous quick offspring, no energy expenditure in hormones

Question 2

fission

Answer 2

asexual repro - separation of organism into two new cells

Question 3

budding

Answer 3

asexual repro - splitting off od new individuals from exiting ones

Question 4

fragmentation

Answer 4

asexual repro - single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into new indiviudals

Question 5

parthenogenesis

Answer 5

asexual repro - development of egg without fertiilzation, resulting haploid. honeybees

Question 6

testes

Answer 6

male gonads, site of sperm fermentation

Question 7

ovary

Answer 7

where meisis occurs and secondary oocyte forms prior to birth

Question 8

vas deferens

Answer 8

duct that carries sperm during ejaculation from epididymis to penis

Question 9

prostrate gland

Answer 9

large gland that secretes semen directly into urethra

Question 10

scrotum

Answer 10

sac outside abdominal cavity, holds testes, cooler temperature

Question 11

urethra

Answer 11

tube that carries semen and urine

Question 12

oviduct

Answer 12

fallopian tube - fetilization occurs; after ovulation the eff moves through this duct to uterus

Question 13

uterus

Answer 13

blastula stage of embryo will implant and develop during nine month gestation

Question 14

vagina

Answer 14

birth canal, where baby passes through

Question 15

cervix

Answer 15

mouth of uterus

Question 16

endometrium

Answer 16

lining of uterus

Question 17

follicular phase

Answer 17

follicles in ovaries grow and secrete estrogen in repsonse to FSH

Question 18

ovulation

Answer 18

secondary oocyte ruptures out of ovaries in response to rapid increase in LH from anterior pituitary.

Question 19

luteal phase

Answer 19

corpus luteum (cavity left behind by follicle) forms and secretes estrogen and progesterone

Question 20

menstruation

Answer 20

if implantation of embryo does not occur, buildup of uterus lining breaks down and is shed. tissue and blood are discharged.

Question 21

hormones of menstrual cycle

Answer 21

hypothalamus relases GnRH, stimulates FSH and LH, stimulate estrogen and progesterone which prepare uterus for implantation of embryo.

Question 22

spermatogenesis

Answer 22

process of sperm production, begins as LH induces testis to produce testosterone. FSH and testosterone stimulate sperm prod in testes

Question 23

oogenesis

Answer 23

production of ova. shit happens

Question 24

cleavage

Answer 24

rapid mitotic cell division of zygote that begins immediately after fertilization

Question 25

blastula

Answer 25

fluid filled ball of cells. is production is considered the end of cleavage

Question 26

gastrulation

Answer 26

continuation of cleavage. involves differentiation. rearranges blastula to form three layered embryo called gastrula.

Question 27

organognesis

Answer 27

process by which cells continue to differenciate, produces organs from three germ layers.

Question 28

chorion

Answer 28

lies under shell of bird embryo allows for diffusion of respiratory gases.

Question 29

yolk sac

Answer 29

encloses yolk which feeds growing bird embryo

Question 30

amnion

Answer 30

encloses bird embryo in protective amniotic fluid

Question 31

allantois

Answer 31

analogous to mammal placenta. in birds