Ch. 38 Bowel Elimination Flashcards
bowel incontinence
inabaility of the anal sphincter to control the dx of fecal and gaseous material
bowel-training program
program that manipulates factors within a persons control (timing of defecation, exercise, diet) to produce a regular pattern of comfortable defecation without medication or enemas
colostomy
an opening into the colon that permits feces to exit through the stoma
constipation
passage of dry, hard fecal material
diarrhea
passage of liquid unformed stools
endoscopy
direct visualization of hollow organs of the body using an endoscope
enema
introduction of solution into the lower bowel
fecal impaction
collection in the rectum of hardened feces that cannot be passed
fecal incontinence
involuntary or inappropriate passing of stool or flatus
fissure
a linear break on the margin of the anus
flatus
intestinal gas
hemorrhoids
abnormally distended rectal veins
ileostomy
opening into the small intesting that allows fecal content from the ileum to be eliminated through the stoma
incontinence-associated dermatitis
moisture associated skin breakdown caused by prolonged contact of the skin with urine or feces
laxative
drug used to induce emptying of the intestingal tract
occult blood
blood present in such minute quantities that it cannot be detected with the unassisted eye
ostomy
general term referring to an artifical opening, usually used to refer to an opening created for the excretion of body weastes
paralytic ileus
paralysis of intestinal perisalsis
peristalsis
involuntary, progressive, wave like movement of the musculature of the GI tract
stoma
artificial opening for waste excretion located on the body surface
stool
excreted feces
suppository
oval or cone shaped supstance that melts at body temperature
valsalva maneuver
forcible exhalation against a closed glottis, resulting in creased pressure
Stool: Volume
Varies, depends on diet
Stool: Color
Infant: Yellow to brown
Children and adult: brown
:black, intestinal bleeding, comes from hemoglobin
Dark in presence of dark green veggies, light borwn with diet high in milk and low in meat
Absence of bile (clay colored)
Certain drugs influence the color
Stool: Odor
Pungent, may be affected by foods ingested.
Variables: influenced by neutral or aciditiy
Stool: consistency
soft, semisolid, formed
Variables: influenced by intake and motility
Stool: Shape
about 1 in diameter and has a tubuler shape, but can be larger or smaller
Variables: obstruction can lead to narrow, pencil shaped stool. increased time in lg instestine can create hard, marble like
Stool: Constituents
Waste residues of digestion: bile, intestinal secretions, shep epithelial cells, bacteria and inroganc material (ca and phosphorus) seeds, meat fibers, and fat may be present in small amounts
Variables: internal bleeding, infection, inflammation, and other pathologic conditions may result in absnormal constituents: blod pus, excessive fat, parasites, ova and mucus
Tap Water Enema
500-1000 ml
used for rapid
Distends the intestine, increases peristalsis, stoftens stool
Normal saline. (isotonic
500-1000 ml
15 minutes, distends instestine, increases perisatlsis, softens stools
soap enema
500-1000 ml (concentrate at 3-5 ml/1000 ml)
10-15 minutes, distends intestine, irritates intestinal mucosa, which stimulates peristalsis and softens stool
Hypertonic Enema
70-130 ml. 5-10 minutes. draws fluid out of the interstitial space into the colon, leading to distenstion, which stimulates peristalsis. commonly used, commercially prepared, (fleet enema)
Oil enemal
mineral, olive, cottonseed. 150-200 ml. 30 minutes. lubricates stool and intestinal mucosa, often used as a retention enema. if able pt may need to hold solution for 30-60 mins
