Ch. 38 Bowel Elimination

Question 1

bowel incontinence

Answer 1

inabaility of the anal sphincter to control the dx of fecal and gaseous material

Question 2

bowel-training program

Answer 2

program that manipulates factors within a persons control (timing of defecation, exercise, diet) to produce a regular pattern of comfortable defecation without medication or enemas

Question 3

colostomy

Answer 3

an opening into the colon that permits feces to exit through the stoma

Question 4

constipation

Answer 4

passage of dry, hard fecal material

Question 5

diarrhea

Answer 5

passage of liquid unformed stools

Question 6

endoscopy

Answer 6

direct visualization of hollow organs of the body using an endoscope

Question 7

enema

Answer 7

introduction of solution into the lower bowel

Question 8

fecal impaction

Answer 8

collection in the rectum of hardened feces that cannot be passed

Question 9

fecal incontinence

Answer 9

involuntary or inappropriate passing of stool or flatus

Question 10

fissure

Answer 10

a linear break on the margin of the anus

Question 11

flatus

Answer 11

intestinal gas

Question 12

hemorrhoids

Answer 12

abnormally distended rectal veins

Question 13

ileostomy

Answer 13

opening into the small intesting that allows fecal content from the ileum to be eliminated through the stoma

Question 14

incontinence-associated dermatitis

Answer 14

moisture associated skin breakdown caused by prolonged contact of the skin with urine or feces

Question 15

laxative

Answer 15

drug used to induce emptying of the intestingal tract

Question 16

occult blood

Answer 16

blood present in such minute quantities that it cannot be detected with the unassisted eye

Question 17

ostomy

Answer 17

general term referring to an artifical opening, usually used to refer to an opening created for the excretion of body weastes

Question 18

paralytic ileus

Answer 18

paralysis of intestinal perisalsis

Question 19

peristalsis

Answer 19

involuntary, progressive, wave like movement of the musculature of the GI tract

Question 20

stoma

Answer 20

artificial opening for waste excretion located on the body surface

Question 21

stool

Answer 21

excreted feces

Question 22

suppository

Answer 22

oval or cone shaped supstance that melts at body temperature

Question 23

valsalva maneuver

Answer 23

forcible exhalation against a closed glottis, resulting in creased pressure

Question 24

Stool: Volume

Answer 24

Varies, depends on diet

Question 25

Stool: Color

Answer 25

Infant: Yellow to brown
Children and adult: brown
:black, intestinal bleeding, comes from hemoglobin
Dark in presence of dark green veggies, light borwn with diet high in milk and low in meat
Absence of bile (clay colored)
Certain drugs influence the color

Question 26

Stool: Odor

Answer 26

Pungent, may be affected by foods ingested.

Variables: influenced by neutral or aciditiy

Question 27

Stool: consistency

Answer 27

soft, semisolid, formed

Variables: influenced by intake and motility

Question 28

Stool: Shape

Answer 28

about 1 in diameter and has a tubuler shape, but can be larger or smaller
Variables: obstruction can lead to narrow, pencil shaped stool. increased time in lg instestine can create hard, marble like

Question 29

Stool: Constituents

Answer 29

Waste residues of digestion: bile, intestinal secretions, shep epithelial cells, bacteria and inroganc material (ca and phosphorus) seeds, meat fibers, and fat may be present in small amounts
Variables: internal bleeding, infection, inflammation, and other pathologic conditions may result in absnormal constituents: blod pus, excessive fat, parasites, ova and mucus

Question 30

Tap Water Enema

Answer 30

500-1000 ml
used for rapid
Distends the intestine, increases peristalsis, stoftens stool

Question 31

Normal saline. (isotonic

Answer 31

500-1000 ml

15 minutes, distends instestine, increases perisatlsis, softens stools

Question 32

soap enema

Answer 32

500-1000 ml (concentrate at 3-5 ml/1000 ml)

10-15 minutes, distends intestine, irritates intestinal mucosa, which stimulates peristalsis and softens stool

Question 33

Hypertonic Enema

Answer 33

70-130 ml. 5-10 minutes. draws fluid out of the interstitial space into the colon, leading to distenstion, which stimulates peristalsis. commonly used, commercially prepared, (fleet enema)

Question 34

Oil enemal

Answer 34

mineral, olive, cottonseed. 150-200 ml. 30 minutes. lubricates stool and intestinal mucosa, often used as a retention enema. if able pt may need to hold solution for 30-60 mins