Ch. 38 Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

bowel incontinence

A

inabaility of the anal sphincter to control the dx of fecal and gaseous material

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2
Q

bowel-training program

A

program that manipulates factors within a persons control (timing of defecation, exercise, diet) to produce a regular pattern of comfortable defecation without medication or enemas

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3
Q

colostomy

A

an opening into the colon that permits feces to exit through the stoma

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4
Q

constipation

A

passage of dry, hard fecal material

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5
Q

diarrhea

A

passage of liquid unformed stools

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6
Q

endoscopy

A

direct visualization of hollow organs of the body using an endoscope

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7
Q

enema

A

introduction of solution into the lower bowel

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8
Q

fecal impaction

A

collection in the rectum of hardened feces that cannot be passed

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9
Q

fecal incontinence

A

involuntary or inappropriate passing of stool or flatus

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10
Q

fissure

A

a linear break on the margin of the anus

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11
Q

flatus

A

intestinal gas

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12
Q

hemorrhoids

A

abnormally distended rectal veins

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13
Q

ileostomy

A

opening into the small intesting that allows fecal content from the ileum to be eliminated through the stoma

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14
Q

incontinence-associated dermatitis

A

moisture associated skin breakdown caused by prolonged contact of the skin with urine or feces

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15
Q

laxative

A

drug used to induce emptying of the intestingal tract

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16
Q

occult blood

A

blood present in such minute quantities that it cannot be detected with the unassisted eye

17
Q

ostomy

A

general term referring to an artifical opening, usually used to refer to an opening created for the excretion of body weastes

18
Q

paralytic ileus

A

paralysis of intestinal perisalsis

19
Q

peristalsis

A

involuntary, progressive, wave like movement of the musculature of the GI tract

20
Q

stoma

A

artificial opening for waste excretion located on the body surface

21
Q

stool

A

excreted feces

22
Q

suppository

A

oval or cone shaped supstance that melts at body temperature

23
Q

valsalva maneuver

A

forcible exhalation against a closed glottis, resulting in creased pressure

24
Q

Stool: Volume

A

Varies, depends on diet

25
Stool: Color
Infant: Yellow to brown Children and adult: brown :black, intestinal bleeding, comes from hemoglobin Dark in presence of dark green veggies, light borwn with diet high in milk and low in meat Absence of bile (clay colored) Certain drugs influence the color
26
Stool: Odor
Pungent, may be affected by foods ingested. | Variables: influenced by neutral or aciditiy
27
Stool: consistency
soft, semisolid, formed | Variables: influenced by intake and motility
28
Stool: Shape
about 1 in diameter and has a tubuler shape, but can be larger or smaller Variables: obstruction can lead to narrow, pencil shaped stool. increased time in lg instestine can create hard, marble like
29
Stool: Constituents
Waste residues of digestion: bile, intestinal secretions, shep epithelial cells, bacteria and inroganc material (ca and phosphorus) seeds, meat fibers, and fat may be present in small amounts Variables: internal bleeding, infection, inflammation, and other pathologic conditions may result in absnormal constituents: blod pus, excessive fat, parasites, ova and mucus
30
Tap Water Enema
500-1000 ml used for rapid Distends the intestine, increases peristalsis, stoftens stool
31
Normal saline. (isotonic
500-1000 ml | 15 minutes, distends instestine, increases perisatlsis, softens stools
32
soap enema
500-1000 ml (concentrate at 3-5 ml/1000 ml) | 10-15 minutes, distends intestine, irritates intestinal mucosa, which stimulates peristalsis and softens stool
33
Hypertonic Enema
70-130 ml. 5-10 minutes. draws fluid out of the interstitial space into the colon, leading to distenstion, which stimulates peristalsis. commonly used, commercially prepared, (fleet enema)
34
Oil enemal
mineral, olive, cottonseed. 150-200 ml. 30 minutes. lubricates stool and intestinal mucosa, often used as a retention enema. if able pt may need to hold solution for 30-60 mins