Ch. 33 Activity Concepts Flashcards
Fx of Skeletal system
supporting the soft tissues of the body, protecting cruscial components of the body, furnishing surfaces for th attachments of muscles, tendons and ligaments which, , providing storage areas for minerals and fat, hematopoiesis
Leading back injuries or back pain for health care workers
Uncoordinated lifts
Manual lifting and transferring of patients without assistive devices
Lifting when fatigued
Lifting after recent recovery from a back injury
Repetitive movements such as lifting, transferring, and repositioning patients
Standing for long periods of time
Transferring patients from beds to stretchers and chairs, wheelchairs, or operating tables; repositioning patients in bed
Repetitive tasks
Transferring/repositioning uncooperative or confused patients
Development level posture
Infant: periods of activity with quiet and periods of sleep. 3 months: may raise chest and head when prone. 5 months: head control usually achieved. 3–6 months • Ability to sit • Head control 6–9 months • Sits steadily • Rolls over • Creeps on all fours • Pulls to a standing position • Has improved hand–eye coordination 9–12 months • Progresses toward unassisted walking • Is able to pick up small objects
Development control: Toddler:
Gross and fine motor development continues rapidly.
• By 15 months: Most can walk unassisted.
• At 18 months: Most can run.
• At 2 years: Most can jump
• At 3 years: Most can stack blocks, work simple puzzles, and dress themselves.
Control: Child:
Greater gross and fine motor control.
• By age 4: Negotiate stairs, walk backward, and hop on one foot.
• By age 5: Skip, jump rope, and jump off heights of several steps.
• Able to manipulate writing materials.
Development: Adolescent
Size increases: There is a growth spurt.
• Secondary sex characteristics appear.
• If physically fit: Can be a time of boundless energy and great athletic performance.
• If inactive: May begin a lifelong pattern of unhealthy behavior.
Development: Adult
- Stands and sits erect and is capable of balanced and coordinated purposeful movement.
- During pregnancy: center of gravity shifts because of developing fetus.
- Activity levels vary greatly.
Development: Older Adult
Increased convexity in the thoracic spine (kyphosis) from disk shrinkage and decreased height
• Loss of muscle tone
• Subcutaneous fat loss
• Arthritic joint changes may be present
Exercise: Muscle Contraction
isotonic, isometric, isokinetic
Exercise: Body Movement
aerobic, stretching, stretngth and endurance, movement and ADLs
Effects of Exercise on CV
Increased efficiency of the heart Decreased heart rate and blood pressure Increased blood flow to all body parts Improved venous return Increased circulating fibrinolysin (substance that breaks up small clots)
Exercise: Respiratory
Improved alveolar ventilation
Decreased work of breathing
Improved diaphragmatic excursion
Exercise: Musculoskeletal System
Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility
Increased coordination
Reduced bone loss
Increased efficiency of nerve impulse transmission
Exercise: Metabolic Process
Increased triglyceride breakdown
Increased gastric motility
Increased production of body heat
Exercise: GI
Appetite is increased.
Intestinal tone is increased, which improves digestion and elimination.
Weight may be controlled.
