Ch. 37 Urinary Elimination Flashcards
autonomic bladder
bladder no longer controlled by the brain because of injury or disease, void by reflex only
Bacteriuria
condition that occurs when bacteria enter the bladder during catheterization, or when organisms migrate up the catheter lumen or the urethra into the baldder, bacteria in the urine
continent
having self control over urination
continent urinary diversion (CUD)
surgival alternative that uses a section of the intenstine to create an internal reservoir that holds urine, with the creation of a catheterizable stoma
cutaneous ureterostomy
a type of incontinent cutaneous urinary diversion in which the ureters are directed through the abdominal wall and attached to an opening in the skin
enuresis
involuntary urination, most often used to refer to a child who involuntarily urinates during the night
functional incontinence
state in which a person experiences an involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine
hematuria
blood in the urine, if present in large enough quantities, urine may be bright red or reddish brown
ileal conduit
urinary diversion in which the ureters are connected to the ileum with a stoma created on the abdominal wall
incontinence-associated dermatitis
moisture associated skin break down caused by prolonged contact of the skinw ith urine or feces
incontinent
experiencing involuntary or uncontrolled loss of urine or feces
indwelling urethral catheter
catheter that remains in place for continuous urine drainage (Foley catheter)
intermittent urethral catheter
straight catheter used to drain the bladder for short periods (5-10 mins)
micturition
process of emptying the bladder, urination, voiding
mixed incontinence
symptoms of urge and stress incontinence are present, although one may predominate
nephrotoxic
capable of causing kidney damage
nocturia
excessive urination during the night
overflow incontinence
involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder
postvoid residual (PVR)
urine that remains in the bladder after the act of micturition, residual urine
reflex incontinence
emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the need to void
specific gravity
characteristic of urine that can be determined with manufactured plastic strips or an instrument, urinometer or hydrometer
stress incontinence
state in which the person experiences a loss of urine of less than 50 mL that occurs with increased abdominal pressure
suprapubic catheter
catheter inserted into the bladder through a small abdominal incision above the pubic area
total incontinence
continuous and unpredictable loss of urine, resulting from surgery, trauma, or physical malformation
transient incontinence
occurence that appears suddenly and lasts for 6 months or less and usually is caused by treatable factors, such as confusion secondary to acute illness, infection, and as a result of medical treatment, such as the use of diruetics or intravenous fluid administration
urge incontinence
state in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void
urinary diversion
surgical creation of an alternate route for excretion of urine
urinary incontinence
any involuntary loss of urine
urinary retention
inability to void although urine is produced by the kidneys and enters the bladder;excessive storage of urine in the bladder
urinary sheath (external condom catheter)
soft, pliable sheath made of silicone material that is applied externally to the penis, and directs urine away from the body,
urination
process of emptying the bladder
urine
waste product excreted by the kidneys
anuria
24 hour urine output is less than 50 ml
dysuria
painful ro difficult urination
glycosuria
presence of glucose in the urine
oliguria
24 hour urine output less than 400 mL
proteinuria
protein in urine
pyuria
pus in urine
Characteristics of Urine: Color
normal: pale, yellow, straw colored or amber depending on concentration.
Special consids: urine is darker than normal when it is concentrated. food, and meds may alter color
Urine: Odor
normal: aromatic. develops ammonia odor because of bactera.
Consids: food may alter smell. sweet scent is urine high in glucose. fetid odor for heavily infected
Urine: Turbidity
fresh urine should be clear or translucent. as stands, becomes cloudy.
consids: cloudiness in fresh urine is abnormal, may be due to RBC, WBC, bacteria, vaginal discharge, sperm, or prostatic fluid
Urine: pH
normal: 5-6, range 4.5-8. alkaline as standing. alkalinity may be promoted through diet or stone development
Consids: high protein, very acidic. citrus fruits, dairy, and veggies increase alkalinity, certain drugs influence
Urine: Specific Gravity
normal: measure of density. 1.015-1.025
Consids: concentrated will have high, diluted will have low. high gravity without kidney disease = dehyradration and vice versa
Urine: Contituents
Normal: Organics include urea, uric acid, creatinine, hippuric acid, indican, urene pigments, undertermined nitrogen. Inorganic: ammonia, sodium, chloride, iron, phsophorus, sulfu, potassium, and calcium
Consids: abnormal : blood, pus, albumic, glucose, ketone bodies, casts, gross bacteria and bile
